Abnormal Psychology : Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders

Chapter 1 Overview to Understanding Abnormal Behavior

Learning Objectives

Case Report: Rebecca Hasbrouck

What Is Abnormal Behavior?

The Social Impact of Psychological Disorders

Defining Abnormality

What Causes Abnormal Behavior?

Biological Causes

Psychological Causes

Sociocultural Causes

The Biopsychosocial Perspective

Prominent Themes in Abnormal Psychology throughout

History

Spiritual Approach

Humanitarian Approach

Scientific Approach

Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology

Experimental Design

Correlational Design

Types of Research Studies

Survey

Laboratory Studies

The Case Study Method

Single Case Experimental Design

Investigations in Behavioral Genetics

Bringing It All Together: Clinical Perspectives

Return to the Case

Treatment Outcome

Dr. Tobin’s Reflections

Summary

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Definition of a Mental Disorder

You Be the Judge: Being Sane in Insane Places

Real Stories: Vincent van Gogh: Psychosis

Chapter 2 Classification and Treatment Plans

Learning Objectives

Case Report: Peter Dickinson

Psychological Disorder: Experiences of Client and Clinician

The Client

The Clinician

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Axis I: Clinical Disorders

Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation

Axis III: General Medical Conditions

Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems

Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning

Culture-Bound Syndromes

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

The Diagnostic Process

Diagnostic Procedures

Case Formulation

Cultural Formulation

Planning the Treatment

Goals of Treatment

Treatment Site

Psychiatric Hospitals

Specialized Inpatient Treatment Centers

Outpatient Treatment 

Halfway Houses and Day Treatment Programs

Other Treatment Sites 

Modality of Treatment

Determining the Best Approach to Treatment

The Course of Treatment

The Clinician’s Role in Treatment

The Client’s Role in Treatment 

The Outcome of Treatment

RETURN TO THE CASE

Case Report

Dr. Tobin’s Reflections

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Changes in the DSM-5 Structure

You Be the Judge: Psychologists as Prescribers

Real Stories: Daniel Johnston: Mood Disturbance

Chapter 3 Assessment

Learning Objectives

Case Report: Ben Robsham

Characteristics of Psychological Assessments

Clinical Interview

Mental Status Examination

Intelligence Testing

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

Wechsler Intelligence Scales 

Personality Testing

Self-Report Tests 

Projective Testing 

Behavioral Assessment

Multicultural Assessment

Neuropsychological Assessment

Neuroimaging

Putting It All Together

RETURN TO THE CASE

Case Report

Dr. Tobin’s Reflections

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Changes in Diagnostic Assessments

You Be the Judge: Psychologists in the Legal System

Real Stories: Ludwig Van Beethoven: Bipolar disorder

CHAPTER 4 Theoretical Perspectives

Learning Objectives

Case Report: Meera Krishnan

Theoretical Perspectives in Abnormal PsychologyBiological Perspective

Theories

Treatment

Trait Theory

Psychodynamic Perspective

Freud’s Theory

Post-Freudian Psychodynamic Views

Treatment

Behavioral Perspective

Theories

Treatment

Cognitive Perspective

Theories

Treatment

Humanistic Perspective

Theories

Treatment

Sociocultural Perspective

Theories

Treatment

Biopsychosocial Perspectives on Theories and Treatments: An Integrative Approach

RETURN TO THE CASE

Case Report: Meera Krishnan

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Theoretical Approaches

You Be the Judge: Evidence-Based Practice

Real Stories: Sylvia Plath

CHAPTER 5 Anxiety Disorders

Learning Objectives

Case Report: Barbara Wilder

The Nature of Anxiety Disorders

Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

Theories and Treatment of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

Biological Perspectives

Psychological Perspectives

Specific Phobias

Theories and Treatment of Specific Phobias

Biological Perspectives

Psychological Perspectives

Social Phobia

Theories and Treatment of Social Phobia

Biological Perspectives 

Psychological Perspectives

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Biological Perspectives

Psychological Perspectives

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Biological Perspectives

Psychological Perspectives

Acute Stress Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Biological Perspectives 

Psychological Perspectives 

Anxiety Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE

Case Report: Barbara Wilder

Dr. Tobin’s Reflections

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Definition and Categorization of Anxiety Disorders

You Be the Judge: Psychiatric Neurosurgery

Real Stories: Paula Deen: Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia

CHAPTER 6 Somatoform Disorders, Psychological Factors ¬Affecting Medical Conditions, and Dissociative Disorders

Learning Objectives

Case Report: Rose Marston

Somatoform Disorders

Conversion Disorder

Somatization Disorder and Related Conditions

Hypochondriasis

Conditions Related to Somatoform Disorders

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Somatoform Disorders

Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition

Relevant Concepts for Understanding Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition

Stress and Coping

Emotional Expression

Personality Style

Applications to Behavioral Medicine

Dissociative Disorders

Major Forms of Dissociative Disorders

Theories and Treatment of Dissociative Disorders

Somatoform Disorders, Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions, and Dissociative Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE

Case Report: Rose Marston

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Somatoform Disorders

You Be the Judge: Dissociative Identity Disorder

Real Stories: Herschel Walker: Dissociative Identity Disorder

CHAPTER 7 Sexual Disorders

Learning Objectives

Case Report: Shaun Boyden

What Is Abnormal Sexual Behavior?

Paraphilic Disorders

Pedophilic Disorder

Exhibitionistic Disorder

Voyeuristic Disorder

Fetishistic Disorder

Frotteuristic Disorder

Sexual Masochism and Sexual Sadism Disorders

Transvestic Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Paraphilic Disorders

Biological Perspectives

Psychological Perspectives

Sexual Dysfunctions

Arousal Disorders

Disorders Involving Orgasm

Disorders Involving Pain

Theories and Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions

Biological Perspectives

Psychological Perspectives

Gender Dysphoria

Theories and Treatment of Gender Dysphoria

Sexual Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE

Case Report: Shaun Boyden

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: The Reorganization of Sexual Disorders

You Be the Judge: Treatment for Sex Offenders

Real Stories: Sue William Silverman: Sex Addiction

CHAPTER 8 Mood Disorders

Learning Objectives

CASE REPORT: Janice Butterfield

Depressive Disorders

Major Depressive Disorder

Dysthymic Disorder

Disorders Involving Alternations in Mood

Bipolar Disorder

Cyclothymic Disorder

Theories and Treatments of Mood Disorders

Biological Perspectives

Psychological Perspectives

Psychodynamic approaches

Behavioral and cognitive behavioral approaches

Interpersonal approaches

Sociocultural Perspectives

Suicide

Mood Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

Return to the Case: Janice Butterfield

Dr. Tobin’s Reflections

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Changes in Mood Disorders

You Be the Judge: Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for Suicidal Patients

Real Stories: Carrie Fisher: Bipolar Disorder

CHAPTER 9 Schizophrenia and Related Disorders

Case Report: David Marshall

Characteristics of Schizophrenia

Course of Schizophrenia

Other Psychotic Disorders

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Schizophreniform Disorder

Schizoaffective Disorder

Delusional Disorders

Theories and Treatment of Schizophrenia

Biological Perspectives

Theories

Treatments

Psychological Perspectives

Theories

Treatments

Sociocultural Perspectives

Theories

Treatments

Schizophrenia: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE: David Marshall

Dr. Tobin’s Reflections

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Schizophrenia Dimensions

You Be the Judge: Schizophrenia Diagnosis

Real Stories: Elyn Saks: Schizophrenia

CHAPTER 10 Personality Disorders

Learning Objectives

Case Report: Harold Morrill

The Nature of Personality Disorders

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Characteristics of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Theories of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Biological Perspectives

Psychological Perspectives

Treatment of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder

Characteristics of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

Theories and Treatment of BPD

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Dropped Personality Disorders from DSM-IV

Dependent Personality Disorder

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Personality Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE: Harold Morrill

Dr. Tobin’s Reflections

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Dimensionalizing the Personality Disorders

You Be the Judge: Antisocial Personality Disorder and Moral Culpability

REAL STORIES: Ted Bundy: Antisocial Personality Disorder

Chapter 11 Development-Related ¬Disorders

Learning Objectives

Case Report: Jason Newman

Pervasive Developmental Disorders

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Causes of Intellectual Developmental Disorders

Treatment of Intellectual Developmental Disorders

Autistic Disorder

Biological Perspective

Behavioral Perspective

Rett’s Disorder

Asperger’s Disorder 

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Characteristics of ADHD

ADHD in Adults 

Theories and Treatment of ADHD

Conduct Disorder

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Learning, Communication, and Motor Skills Disorders

Learning Disorders

Communication Disorders

Motor Skills Disorders

Theories and Treatment of Learning, Communication, and Motor Skills

Disorders

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Other Disorders That Originate in Childhood

Childhood Eating Disorders

Tic Disorders

Elimination Disorders

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Selective Mutism

Development-Related Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE: Jason Newman

Dr. Tobin’s Reflections

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Neurodevelopmental Disorders

You Be the Judge: Prescribing Psychiatric Medications to Children

Real Stories: Daniel Tammet: Asperger’s Disorder

Chapter 12 Aging-Related and Cognitive Disorders

Learning Objectives

Case Report: Irene Heller

Characteristics of Aging-Related and Cognitive Disorders

Delirium

Amnestic Disorders

Traumatic Brain Injury

Dementia

Alzheimer’s Disease (Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type)

Dementia Caused by Conditions Other than Alzheimer’s Disease

Physical Conditions and Toxins

Other Neurocognitive Disorders

Depression

Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Theories and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Theories

Treatment

Cognitive Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE

Case Report: Irene Heller

Dr. Tobin’s Reflections

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Recategorization of “Cognitive” Disorders

You Be the Judge: Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Real Stories: Ronald Reagan: Alzheimer’s Disease

Chapter 13 Substance-Related Disorders

Learning Objectives

Case Report: Carl Wadsworth

Substance Abuse and Dependence

Disorders Associated with Specific Substances

Alcohol

Patterns of Use and Abuse

Effects of Alcohol Use

Theories and Treatment of Alcohol Dependence

Biological Perspectives

Psychological Perspectives 

Sociocultural Perspective 

Substances Other Than Alcohol

Stimulants

Amphetamines 

Cocaine

Cannabis

Hallucinogens

MDMA

Opioids

Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics

Caffeine 

Tobacco

Inhalants

Theories and Treatment of Substance Abuse and Dependence

Biological Perspectives

Psychological Perspectives

Substance Abuse and Dependence: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

Return to the Case

Case Report: Carl Wadsworth

Dr. Tobin’s Reflections

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Combining Abuse and Dependence

You Be the Judge: Prescribing Prescription Drugs

Real Stories: Robert Downey Jr.: Substance Dependence

Chapter 14 Eating Disorders and Impulse-Control Disorders

Learning Objectives

Case Report: Rosa Nomirez

Eating Disorders

Characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa

Characteristics of Bulimia Nervosa

Theories and Treatment of Eating Disorders

Impulse-Control Disorders

Kleptomania

Pathological Gambling

Pyromania

Trichotillomania (Hair-pulling)

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Eating Disorders and Impulse-Control Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE

Case Report: Rosa Nomirez

Dr. Tobin’s Reflections

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Reclassifying Eating Disorders

You Be the Judge: Legal Implications of Impulse Control Disorders

Real Stories: Portia de Rossi: Anorexia Nervosa

Chapter 15 Ethical and Legal Issues

Learning Objectives

Ethical Standards

Competence

Informed Consent 

Confidentiality 

Relationships with Clients, Students, and Research Collaborators

Record Keeping

Ethical and Legal Issues in Providing Services

Commitment of Clients

Right to Treatment 

Refusal of Treatment and Least Restrictive Alternative

Forensic Issues in Psychological Treatment

The Insanity Defense

Competency to Stand Trial

Understanding the Purpose of Punishment

Concluding Perspectives on Forensic Issues

RETURN TO THE CASE

Case Report: Mark Chen

Dr. Tobin’s Reflections

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

Toward the DSM-5: Ethical Implications of the New Diagnostic System

You Be the Judge: Multiple Relationships between Clients and Psychologists

Real Stories: Susanna Kaysen: Involuntary Commitment