Preface |
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xiii | |
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Introduction to Aging and Older Adulthood |
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3 | (36) |
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The Study of Aging and Older Adulthood |
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4 | (5) |
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History of the Scientific Study of Aging |
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4 | (2) |
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Geriatrics and Gerontology |
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6 | (1) |
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Why Was the Study of Aging Neglected? |
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7 | (1) |
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Reasons for Studying Aging and Older Adulthood |
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7 | (2) |
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Defining Age and Older Adulthood |
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9 | (6) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (4) |
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Demographic Profile of Older Americans |
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15 | (12) |
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Number and Proportion of Older Adults |
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16 | (3) |
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A Snapshot of the Older Population |
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19 | (8) |
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Developmental Influences and Issues |
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27 | (4) |
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Influences on Development |
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27 | (3) |
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Issues in the Study of Aging |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (4) |
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The Selective Optimization with Compensation Model of Aging |
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32 | (1) |
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The Ecological Model of Aging |
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32 | (3) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (3) |
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Theory and Method in Studying Aging and Older Adulthood |
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39 | (38) |
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Metatheoretical Approaches to the Study of Aging |
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40 | (3) |
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The Mechanistic Metamodel |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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The Lifespan Developmental Perspective |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (12) |
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44 | (1) |
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Factors in Aging Research |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (8) |
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55 | (7) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (3) |
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59 | (3) |
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Approaches to Conducting Aging Research |
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62 | (8) |
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The Experimental Approach |
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62 | (2) |
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The Quasi-Experimental Approach |
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64 | (1) |
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Quasi-Experimental or Experimental? |
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65 | (2) |
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Single-Factor and Multifactor Designs |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (1) |
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Ethics in Research on Human Aging |
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70 | (2) |
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Revisiting the Selective Optimization with Compensation and Ecological Models |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (3) |
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Biological Aging and Health |
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77 | (46) |
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78 | (10) |
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79 | (4) |
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83 | (5) |
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The Biological Aging Process |
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88 | (9) |
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Primary and Secondary Aging |
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88 | (1) |
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Theories of Biological Aging |
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89 | (8) |
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Individual Differences in Longevity |
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97 | (7) |
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97 | (4) |
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Can Social Scientists Predict Longevity? |
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101 | (3) |
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104 | (1) |
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Physical Changes and Disease |
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104 | (11) |
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105 | (8) |
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Leading Causes of Mortality |
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113 | (2) |
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Everyday Functioning and Health Care |
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115 | (4) |
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Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Revisiting the Selective Optimization with Compensation and Ecological Models |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (2) |
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Sensation, Perception, and Attention |
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123 | (40) |
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124 | (2) |
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Threshold and Sensitivity |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (5) |
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Speed of Response and Reaction Time |
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126 | (2) |
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Age-Complexity Hypothesis |
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128 | (1) |
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Stimulus Persistence Theory |
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129 | (1) |
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Moderating Age-Related Slowing |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (11) |
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132 | (4) |
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136 | (6) |
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The Senses: A Closer Look |
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142 | (16) |
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143 | (1) |
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Touch, Proprioception, and Pain |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (4) |
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149 | (9) |
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Revisiting the Selective Optimization with Compensation and Ecological Models |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (44) |
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The Developmental Study of Memory and Age |
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164 | (2) |
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Concerns About Memory and Aging |
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164 | (1) |
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Methods of Investigating Memory and Aging |
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165 | (1) |
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The Information Processing Model |
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166 | (14) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (4) |
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Noncontent Attributes of Episodic Memory |
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173 | (2) |
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Stages of Processing in Episodic Memory |
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175 | (5) |
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180 | (2) |
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181 | (1) |
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Autobiographical Information |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (12) |
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (4) |
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192 | (2) |
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Knowledge and Beliefs About Memory |
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194 | (6) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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Stereotypes About Memory and Aging |
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197 | (2) |
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Attributions for Memory Failure |
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199 | (1) |
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Individual Differences in Memory Among Older Adults |
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200 | (2) |
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Education and Lifestyle Factors |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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Revisiting the Selective Optimization with Compensation and Ecological Models |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (3) |
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207 | (40) |
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208 | (3) |
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Fluid Versus Crystallized Abilities |
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210 | (1) |
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Mechanics Versus Pragmatics of Intelligence |
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210 | (1) |
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The Psychometric Approach to Intelligence |
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211 | (8) |
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Brief History of the Test Movement |
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211 | (2) |
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Psychometric Tests and Aging Research |
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213 | (3) |
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Intelligence Quotient (IQ) |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (1) |
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Does Intelligence Decline with Age? |
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219 | (5) |
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The Classic Aging Pattern |
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223 | (1) |
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The Lifespan Developmental Perspective |
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224 | (1) |
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Maximizing Intellectual Functioning in Older Adulthood |
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224 | (4) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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Optimally Exercised Versus Unexercised Abilities |
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227 | (1) |
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Individual Differences Among Older Adult Test Takers |
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228 | (5) |
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Factors Related to Maintenance of Intellectual Functioning |
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228 | (1) |
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Mental Activity and Intellectual Functioning |
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229 | (4) |
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Everyday Intelligence and Competence |
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233 | (9) |
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Conceptions of Intelligence Across the Adult Life Span |
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234 | (1) |
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Cognitive Competence and Psychometric Scores |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (6) |
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Revisiting the Selective Optimization with Compensation and Ecological Models |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (2) |
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Cognition and Problem Solving in the Everyday World |
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247 | (40) |
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Stages of Cognitive Development |
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248 | (5) |
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Schaie's Stage Model of Cognitive/Intellectual Development |
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248 | (3) |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (5) |
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253 | (1) |
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Relationship Between Wisdom and Age |
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254 | (4) |
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Real-World Intelligence and Problem Solving |
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258 | (7) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (4) |
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Abstract Versus Practical Problem Solving |
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263 | (1) |
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Interpersonal Problem Solving |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (6) |
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Decision Making in a Health Context |
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265 | (4) |
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Decision Making in a Consumer Context |
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269 | (1) |
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Decision Making in a Legal Context |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (12) |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (3) |
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Collaboration in Reasoning and Problem Solving |
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279 | (2) |
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281 | (2) |
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Revisiting the Selective Optimization with Compensation and Ecological Models |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (42) |
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Studying Personality in Aging and Older Adulthood |
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288 | (2) |
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Approaches to Investigating Personality |
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288 | (1) |
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Personality over the Adult Years |
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289 | (1) |
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How Is Personality Measured? |
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290 | (2) |
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Self-Report Questionnaires |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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Normative Models of Personality |
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292 | (18) |
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292 | (9) |
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Personality Dimensions and Traits |
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301 | (3) |
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304 | (6) |
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Individual Differences in Coping and Adjustment |
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310 | (14) |
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310 | (8) |
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318 | (6) |
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Revisiting the Selective Optimization with Compensation and Ecological Models |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (3) |
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Social Interaction and Social Ties |
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329 | (42) |
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Social Interaction in Older Adulthood |
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330 | (9) |
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330 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (2) |
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Socioemotional Selectivity Theory |
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334 | (3) |
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Positive and Negative Aspects of Social Relationships |
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337 | (2) |
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Social Ties in Older Adulthood |
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339 | (24) |
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Social Convoys, Social Networks, and Reciprocity |
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340 | (2) |
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342 | (18) |
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Nonfamilial Relationships |
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360 | (3) |
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363 | (4) |
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Abuse in Domestic Settings |
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364 | (2) |
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Abuse In Institutional Settings |
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366 | (1) |
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Revisiting the Selective Optimization with Compensation and Ecological Models |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (2) |
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Employment, Retirement, and Living Arrangements |
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371 | (36) |
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Employment and Retirement |
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372 | (20) |
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372 | (9) |
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381 | (11) |
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392 | (10) |
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393 | (2) |
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Age-Segregated Living Arrangements |
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395 | (7) |
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Revisiting the Selective Optimization with Compensation and Ecological Models |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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404 | (3) |
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Mental Health Services, Psychopathology, and Therapy |
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407 | (42) |
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Older Adults and Mental Health Services |
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408 | (8) |
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Rate of Mental Disorders Among Older Adults |
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409 | (1) |
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Older Adults and the Mental Health System |
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409 | (7) |
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416 | (21) |
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Diathesis-Stress as a Developmental Model |
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416 | (2) |
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418 | (5) |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (1) |
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425 | (2) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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429 | (8) |
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Therapeutic Interventions with Older Adults |
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437 | (8) |
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Environmental Design and Sensory Retraining |
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438 | (1) |
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438 | (2) |
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Reality Orientation and Reminiscence Therapy |
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440 | (1) |
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441 | (2) |
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443 | (1) |
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444 | (1) |
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Revisiting the Selective Optimization with Compensation and Ecological Models |
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445 | (1) |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (2) |
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Facing the End and Looking Toward the Future |
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449 | (26) |
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450 | (9) |
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451 | (1) |
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451 | (3) |
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454 | (2) |
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Stages of Death and Dying |
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456 | (2) |
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Care of the Dying Patient |
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458 | (1) |
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459 | (7) |
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460 | (1) |
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461 | (4) |
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Loss of Other Meaningful Relationships |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (6) |
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467 | (3) |
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470 | (2) |
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Revisiting the Selective Optimization with Compensation and Ecological Models |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
References |
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475 | (22) |
Name Index |
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497 | (8) |
Subject Index |
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505 | |