America Past and Present, Volume 2
by Divine, Robert A.; Breen, T. H.; Fredrickson, George M., Deceased; Williams, R. Hal; Gross, Ariela J.; Brands, H. W.Edition: 9th
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2010-01-06
Publisher(s): Pearson
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Summary
Designed for introductory-level survey courses in American History. America Past and Presentintegrates the social and political dimensions of American history into one rich chronological narrative, providing students with a full picture of the scope and complexity of the American past. Written in a lively narrative style by award-winning historians,America Past and Presenttells the story of all Americans-elite and ordinary, women and men, rich and poor, white majority and minorities. The authors, all active, publishing, and award-winning historians, bring history to life for introductory students inAmerica Past and Present.
Author Biography
Robert A. Divine
Robert A. Divine, George W. Littlefield Professor Emeritus in American History at the University of Texas at Austin, received his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1954. A specialist in American diplomatic history, he taught from 1954 to 1996 at the University of Texas, where he was honored by both the student association and the graduate school for teaching excellence. His extensive published work includes The Illusion of Neutrality (1962); Second Chance: The Triumph of Internationalism in America During World War II (1967); and Blowing on the Wind (1978). His most recent work is Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace (2000), a comparative analysis of twentieth-century American wars. He is also the author of Eisenhower and the Cold War (1981) and editor of three volumes of essays on the presidency of Lyndon Johnson. His book, The Sputnik Challenge (1993), won the Eugene E. Emme Astronautical Literature Award for 1993. He has been a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and has given the Albert Shaw Lectures in Diplomatic History at Johns Hopkins University.
T. H. Breen
T. H. Breen, William Smith Mason Professor of American History at North western Uni versity, received his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1968. He has taught at Northwestern since 1970. Breen’s major books include The Character of the Good Ruler: A Study of Puritan Political Ideas in New England (1974); Puritans and Adventurers: Change and Persistence in Early America (1980); Tobacco Culture: The Mentality of the Great Tidewater Planters on the Eve of Revolution (1985); and, with Stephen Innes of the University of Virginia, “Myne Owne Ground”: Race and Freedom on Virginia’s Eastern Shore (1980). His Imagining the Past (1989) won the 1990 Historic Preservation Book Award. His most recent book is Marketplace of Revolution: How Consumer Politics Shaped American Independence (2004). In addition to receiving several awards for outstanding teaching at Northwestern, Breen has been the recipient of research grants from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Guggenheim Foundation, the Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton), the National Humanities Center, and the Huntington Library. He has served as the Fowler Hamilton Fellow at Christ Church, Oxford University (1987–1988), the Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions, Cambridge University (1990–1991), the Harmsworth Professor of American History at Oxford University (2000–2001), and was a recipient of the Humboldt Prize (Germany). He is currently completing a book tentatively entitled America ’s Insurgency: The People’s Revolution, 1774–1776.
George M. Fredrickson
George M. Fredrickson is Edgar E. Robinson Professor Emeritus of United States History at Stanford Uni versity. He is the author or editor of several books, including The Inner Civil War (1965), The Black Image in the White Mind (1971), and White Supremacy: A Comparative Study in American and South African History (1981), which won both the Ralph Waldo Emerson Award from Phi Beta Kappa and the Merle Curti Award from the Organization of American Historians. His most recent books are Black Liberation: A Comparative History of Black Ideologies in the United States and South Africa (1995); The Comparative Imagination: Racism, Nationalism, and Social Movements (1997); and Racism: A Short History (2002). He received his A.B. and Ph.D. from Harvard and has been the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship, two National Endowment for the Humanities Senior Fellowships, and a fellowship from the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences. Before coming to Stanford in 1984, he taught at Northwestern. He has also served as Fulbright lecturer in American History at Moscow University and as the Harmsworth Professor of American History at Oxford. He served as president of the Organization of American Historians in 1997–1998.
R. Hal Williams
R. Hal Williams is professor of history at Southern Methodist University. He received his A.B. from Prince ton Uni versity in 1963 and his Ph.D. from Yale Uni versity in 1968. His books include The Democratic Party and California Politics, 1880–1896 (1973); Years of Decision: American Politics in the 1890s (1978); and The Manhattan Project: A Documentary Introduction to the Atomic Age (1990). A specialist in American political history, he taught at Yale University from 1968 to 1975 and came to SMU in 1975 as chair of the Department of History. From 1980 to 1988, he served as dean of Dedman College, the school of humanities and sciences, at SMU, where he is currently dean of Research and Graduate Studies. In 1980, he was a visiting professor at University College, Oxford University. Williams has received grants from the American Philosophical Society and the National Endowment for the Humanities, and he has served on the Texas Committee for the Humanities. He is currently working on a study of the presidential election of 1896 and a biography of James G. Blaine, the late-nineteenth-century speaker of the House, secretary of state, and Republican presidential candidate.
Ariela J. Gross
Ariela J. Gross is Professor of Law and History at the University of Southern Cali fornia. She received her B.A. from Harvard University, her J.D. from Stanford Law School, and her Ph.D. from Stanford University. She is the author of Double Character: Slavery and Mastery in the Antebellum Southern Courtroom (2000) and numerous law review articles and book chapters, including “‘Caucasian Cloak’: Mexican Americans and the Politics of Whiteness in the Twentieth-Century Southwest” in the Georgetown Law Journal (2006). Her current work in progress, What Blood Won’t Tell: Racial Identity on Trial in America, to be published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux, is supported by fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the American Council for Learned Societies.
H. W. Brands
H. W. Brands is the Dickson Allen Anderson Centennial Professor of History at the University of Texas at Austin. He is the author of numerous works of history and international affairs, including The Devil We Knew: Americans and the Cold War (1993), Into the Labyrinth: The United States and the Middle East (1994), The Reckless Decade: America in the 1890s (1995), TR: The Last Romantic (a biography of Theodore Roosevelt) (1997), What America Owes the World: The Struggle for the Soul of Foreign Policy (1998), The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin (2000), The Strange Death of American Liberalism (2001), The Age of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the New American Dream (2002), Woodrow Wilson (2003), and Andrew Jackson (2005). His writing has received critical and popular acclaim; The First American was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and a national bestseller. He lectures frequently across North America and in Europe. His essays and reviews have appeared in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, and Atlantic Monthly. He is a regular guest on radio and television, and has participated in several historical documentary films.
Table of Contents
Brief Contents
Chapter 16
The Agony of Reconstruction
Chapter 17
The West: Exploiting an Empire
Chapter 18
The Industrial Society
Chapter 19
Toward an Urban Society, 1877—1900
Chapter 20
Political Realignments in the 1890s
Chapter 21
Toward Empire
Chapter 22
The Progressive Era
Chapter 23
From Roosevelt to Wilson in the Age of Progressivism
Chapter 24
The Nation at War
Chapter 25
Transition to Modern America
Chapter 26
Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal
Chapter 27
America and the World, 1921—1945
Chapter 28
The Onset of the Cold War
Chapter 29
Affluence and Anxiety
Chapter 30
The Turbulent Sixties
Chapter 31
The Rise of a New Conservatism, 1969—1988
Chapter 32
To the Twenty-first Century, 1989—2006
Detailed Contents
Chapter 16
THE AGONY OF RECONSTRUCTION
Robert Smalls and Black Politicians During
Reconstruction
The President vs. Congress
Wartime Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson at the Helm
Congress Takes the Initiative
Congressional Reconstruction Plan Enacted
The Impeachment Crisis
Reconstructing Southern Society
Reorganizing Land and Labor
Black Codes: A New Name for Slavery?
Republican Rule in the South
Claiming Public and Private Rights
Retreat from Reconstruction
Rise of the Money Question
Final Efforts of Reconstruction
A Reign of Terror Against Blacks
Spoilsmen vs. Reformers
Reunion and the New South
The Compromise of 1877
“Redeeming” a New South
The Rise of Jim Crow
Conclusion: Henry McNeal Turner and the “Unfinished
Revolution”
_ FEATURE ESSAY
Changing Views of Reconstruction
Chapter 17
THE WEST: EXPLOITING AN EMPIRE
Lean Bear’s Changing West
Beyond the Frontier
Crushing the Native Americans
Life of the Plains Indians
“As Long as Waters Run”: Searching for an Indian Policy
Final Battles on the Plains
The End of Tribal Life
Settlement of the West
Men and Women on the Overland Trail
Land for the Taking
Territorial Government
The Spanish-Speaking Southwest
The Bonanza West
The Mining Bonanza
Gold from the Roots Up: The Cattle Bonanza
Sodbusters on the Plains: The Farming Bonanza
New Farming Methods
Discontent on the Farm
The Final Fling
Conclusion: The Meaning of the West
_ FEATURE ESSAY
Blacks in Blue: The Buffalo Soldiers in the West
Chapter 18
THE INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
A Machine Culture
Industrial Development
An Empire on Rails
“Emblem of Motion and Power”
Building the Empire
Linking the Nation via Trunk Lines
Rails Across the Continent
Problems of Growth
An Industrial Empire
Carnegie and Steel
Rockefeller and Oil
The Business of Invention
The Sellers
The Wage Earners
Working Men,Working Women,Working Children
Culture of Work
Labor Unions
Labor Unrest
Conclusion: Industrialization’s Benefits and Costs
_ FEATURE ESSAY
Chicago’s “Second Nature”
Chapter 19
TOWARD AN URBAN SOCIETY, 1877—1900
The Overcrowded City
The Lure of the City
Skyscrapers and Suburbs
Tenements and the Problems of Overcrowding
Strangers in a New Land
Immigrants and the City
The House That Tweed Built
Social and Cultural Change, 1877—1900
Manners and Mores
Leisure and Entertainment
Changes in Family Life
Changing Views: A Growing Assertiveness Among Women
Educating the Masses
Higher Education
The Stirrings of Reform
Progress and Poverty
New Currents in Social Thought
The Settlement Houses
A Crisis in Social Welfare
Conclusion: The Pluralistic Society
_ FEATURE ESSAY
Ellis Island: Isle of Hope, Isle of Tears
_ LAW and SOCIETY
Plessy v. Ferguson: The Shaping of Jim Crow
Chapter 20
POLITICAL REALIGNMENTS IN THE 1890S
Hardship and Heartache
Politics of Stalemate
The Party Deadlock
Experiments in the States
Reestablishing Presidential Power
Republicans in Power: The Billion-Dollar Congress
Tariffs, Trusts, and Silver
The 1890 Elections
The Rise of the Populist Movement
The Farm Problem
The Fast-Growing Farmers’ Alliance
The People’s Party
The Crisis of the Depression
The Panic of 1893
Coxey’s Army and the Pullman Strike
The Miners of the Midwest
A Beleaguered President
Breaking the Party Deadlock
Changing Attitudes
“Everybody Works But Father”
Changing Themes in Literature
The Presidential Election of 1896
The Mystique of Silver
The Republicans and Gold
The Democrats and Silver
Campaign and Election
The McKinley Administration
Conclusion: A Decade’s Dramatic Changes
_ FEATURE ESSAY
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Chapter 21
TOWARD EMPIRE
Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
America Looks Outward
Catching the Spirit of Empire
Reasons for Expansion
Foreign Policy Approaches, 1867—1900
The Lure of Hawaii and Samoa
The New Navy
War with Spain
A War for Principle
“A Splendid Little War”
“Smoked Yankees”
The Course of the War
Acquisition of Empire
The Treaty of Paris Debate
Guerrilla Warfare in the Philippines
Governing the Empire
The Open Door
Conclusion: Outcome of the War with Spain
_ FEATURE ESSAY
The 400 Million Customers of China
Chapter 22
THE PROGRESSIVE ERA
Muckrakers Call for Reform
The Changing Face of Industrialism
The Innovative Model T
The Burgeoning Trusts
Managing the Machines
Society’s Masses
Better Times on the Farm
Women and Children at Work
The Niagara Movement and the NAACP
“I Hear the Whistle”: Immigrants in the Labor Force
Conflict in the Workplace
Organizing Labor
Working with Workers
Amoskeag
A New Urban Culture
Production and Consumption
Living and Dying in an Urban Nation
Popular Pastimes
Experimentation in the Arts
Conclusion: A Ferment of Discovery and Reform
_ FEATURE ESSAY
The Triangle Fire
Chapter 23
FROM ROOSEVELT TO WILSON IN THE AGE OF
PROGRESSIVISM
The Republicans Split
The Spirit of Progressivism
The Rise of the Professions
The Social-Justice Movement
The Purity Crusade
Woman Suffrage,Women’s Rights
A Ferment of Ideas: Challenging the Status Quo
Reform in the Cities and States
Interest Groups and the Decline of Popular Politics
Reform in the Cities
Action in the States
The Republican Roosevelt
Busting the Trusts
“Square Deal” in the Coalfields
Roosevelt Progressivism at Its Height
Regulating the Railroads
Cleaning up Food and Drugs
Conserving the Land
The Ordeal of William Howard Taft
Party Insurgency
The Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
Taft Alienates the Progressives
Differing Philosophies in the Election of 1912
Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom
The New Freedom in Action
Wilson Moves Toward the New Nationalism
Conclusion: The Fruits of Progressivism
_ FEATURE ESSAY
Madam C. J. Walker: African American Business
Pioneer
_ LAW and SOCIETY
Muller v. Oregon: Expanding the Definition of Acceptable
Evidence
Chapter 24
THE NATION AT WAR
The Sinking of the Lusitania
A New World Power
“I Took the Canal Zone”
The Roosevelt Corollary
Ventures in the Far East
Taft and Dollar Diplomacy
Foreign Policy Under Wilson
Conducting Moral Diplomacy
Troubles Across the Border
Toward War
The Neutrality Policy
Freedom of the Seas
The U-Boat Threat
“He Kept Us Out of War”
The Final Months of Peace
Over There
Mobilization
War in the Trenches
Over Here
The Conquest of Convictions
A Bureaucratic War
Labor in the War
The Treaty of Versailles
A Peace at Paris
Rejection in the Senate
Conclusion: Postwar Disillusionment
_ FEATURE ESSAY
Measuring the Mind
Chapter 25
TRANSITION TO MODERN AMERICA
Wheels for the Millions
The Second Industrial Revolution
The Automobile Industry
Patterns of Economic Growth
Economic Weaknesses
City Life in the Jazz Age
Women and the Family
The Roaring Twenties
The Flowering of the Arts
The Rural Counterattack
The Fear of Radicalism
Prohibition
The Ku Klux Klan
Immigration Restriction
The Fundamentalist Challenge
Politics of the 1920s
Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover
Republican Policies
The Divided Democrats
The Election of 1928
Conclusion: The Old and the New
_ FEATURE ESSAY
Marcus Garvey: Racial Redemption and Black
Nationalism
_ LAW and SOCIETY
The Scopes “Monkey” Trial: Contesting Cultural
Differences
Chapter 26
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
The Struggle Against Despair
The Great Depression
The Great Crash
Effect of the Depression
Fighting the Depression
Hoover and Voluntarism
The Emergence
The Hundred Days
Roosevelt and Recovery
Roosevelt and Relief
Roosevelt and Reform
Challenges to FDR
Social Security
Labor Legislation
Impact of the New Deal
Rise of Organized Labor
The New Deal Record on Help to Minorities
Women at Work
End of the New Deal
The Election of 1936
The Supreme Court Fight
The New Deal in Decline
Conclusion: The New Deal and American Life
_ FEATURE ESSAY
Eleanor Roosevelt and the Quest for Social Justice
Chapter 27
AMERICA AND THE WORLD, 1921—1945
A Pact Without Power
Retreat, Reversal, and Rivalry
Retreat in Europe
Cooperation in Latin America
Rivalry in Asia
Isolationism
The Lure of Pacifism and Neutrality
War in Europe
The Road to War
From Neutrality to Undeclared War
Showdown in the Pacific
Turning the Tide Against the Axis
Wartime Partnerships
Halting the German Blitz
Checking Japan in the Pacific
The Home Front
The Arsenal of Democracy
A Nation on the Move
Win-the-War Politics
Victory
War Aims and Wartime Diplomacy
Triumph and Tragedy in the Pacific
Conclusion: The Transforming Power of War
_ FEATURE ESSAY
The Face of the Holocaust
Chapter 28
THE ONSET OF THE COLD WAR
The Potsdam Summit
The Cold War Begins
The Division of Europe
Withholding Economic Aid
The Atomic Dilemma
Containment
The Truman Doctrine
The Marshall Plan
The Western Military Alliance
The Berlin Blockade
The Cold War Expands
The Military Dimension
The Cold War in Asia
The Korean War
The Cold War at Home
Truman’s Troubles
Truman Vindicated
The Loyalty Issue
McCarthyism in Action
The Republicans in Power
Eisenhower Wages the Cold War
Entanglement in Indochina
Containing China
Covert Actions
Waging Peace
Conclusion: The Continuing Cold War
_ FEATURE ESSAY
America Enters the Middle East
Chapter 29
AFFLUENCE AND ANXIETY
Levittown : The Flight to the Suburbs
The Postwar Boom
Postwar Prosperity
Life in the Suburbs
The Good Life?
Areas of Greatest Growth
Critics of the Consumer Society
Farewell to Reform
Truman and the Fair Deal
Eisenhower’s Modern Republicanism
The Struggle over Civil Rights
Civil Rights as a Political Issue
Desegregating the Schools
The Beginnings of Black Activism
Conclusion: Restoring National Confidence
_ FEATURE ESSAY
The Reaction to Sputnik
Chapter 30
THE TURBULENT SIXTIES
Kennedy versus Nixon: The First Televised Presidential
Candidate Debate
Kennedy Intensifies the Cold War
Flexible Response
Crisis over Berlin
Containment in Southeast Asia
Containing Castro: The Bay of Pigs Fiasco
Containing Castro: The Cuban Missile Crisis
The New Frontier at Home
The Congressional Obstacle
Economic Advance
Moving Slowly on Civil Rights
“I Have a Dream”
The Supreme Court and Reform
“Let Us Continue”
Johnson in Action
The Election of 1964
The Triumph of Reform
Johnson Escalates the Vietnam War
The Vietnam Dilemma
Escalation
Stalemate
Years of Turmoil
The Student Revolt
Protesting the Vietnam War
The Cultural Revolution
“Black Power”
Ethnic Nationalism
Women’s Liberation
The Return of Richard Nixon
Vietnam Undermines Lyndon Johnson
The Democrats Divide
The Republican Resurgence
Conclusion: The End of an Era
_ FEATURE ESSAY
Unintended Consequences: The Second Great
Migration
Chapter 31
THE RISE OF A NEW CONSERVATISM,
1969—1988
Reagan and America’s Shift to the Right
The Tempting of Richard Nixon
Pragmatic Liberalism
Détente
Ending the Vietnam War
The Watergate Scandal
The Economy of Stagflation
War and Oil
The Great Inflation
The Shifting American Economy
A New Environmentalism
Private Lives, Public Issues
The Changing American Family
Gains and Setbacks for Women
The Gay Liberation Movement
The AIDS Epidemic
Politics and Diplomacy after Watergate
The Ford Administration
Carter and American Malaise
Troubles Abroad
The Collapse of Détente
The Reagan Revolution
The Election of 1980
Cutting Taxes and Spending
Unleashing the Private Sector
Reagan and the World
Challenging the “Evil Empire”
Confrontation in Central America
More Trouble in the Middle East
Trading Arms for Hostages
Reagan the Peacemaker
Conclusion: Challengingthe New Deal
_ FEATURE ESSAY
The Christian Right
_ LAW and SOCIETY
Roe v. Wade: The Struggle over Women’s Reproductive
Rights
Chapter 32
TO THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, 1989—2009
“This Will Not Stand”: Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold
War Era
The First President Bush
Republicans at Home
Ending the Cold War
The Gulf War
The Changing Faces of America
A People on the Move
The Revival of Immigration
Emerging Hispanics
Advance and Retreat for African Americans
Americans from Asia and the Middle East
Assimilation or Diversity?
The New Democrats
The Election of 1992
Clinton and Congress
Scandal in the White House
Clinton and the World
Old Rivals in New Light
To Intervene or Not
The Balkan Wars
Republicans Triumphant
The Disputed Election of 2000
George W. Bush at Home
The War on Terror
A New American Empire?
Bush Reelected
Old Issues, New Challenges
The Culture Wars Continue
Doubting the Future
Echoes of the Thirties
A New FDR?
Conclusion: The Vulnerabilities of Power
_ FEATURE ESSAY
The Battle of Seattle
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