American Horizons US History in a Global Context, Volume Two: Since 1865

In American Horizons: U.S. History in a Global Context, Fourth Edition, the authors use the frequent movement of people, goods, and ideas into, out of, and within America's borders as a framework. This unique approach provides a fully integrated global perspective that seamlessly contextualizes American events within the wider world. Presented in two volumes for maximum flexibility--and supplemented by two sourcebooks of primary documents--American Horizons illustrates the relevance of U.S. history to students by centering on the matrix of issues that dominate their lives.

DIGITAL RESOURCES
Visit www.oup.com/he/schaller4e for a wealth of digital resources for students and instructors, including an enhanced eBook with embedded learning tools and the Oxford Insight Study Guide, which delivers custom-built adaptive practice sessions based on students' performance.

Michael Schaller is Regents Professor of History Emeritus at the University of Arizona, where he has taught since 1974. His areas of specialization include U.S. international and East Asian relations and the resurgence of conservatism in late 20th-century America.

Janette Thomas Greenwood is Professor of History at Clark University. She specializes in African American history and history of the U.S. South.

Andrew Kirk is Professor and Chair of History at University of Nevada, Las Vegas. He specializes in the history of the U.S. West and environmental history.

Sarah J. Purcell is L.F. Parker Professor of History at Grinnell College. She specializes in the early national period, antebellum United States, popular culture, politics, gender, and military history.

Christina Snyder is the McCabe Greer Professor of History at The Pennsylvania State University. She researches colonialism, race, and slavery, with a focus on Native North America from the pre-contact era through the nineteenth century.

Maps
Preface
About the Authors

Chapter 15. Reconstructing America, 1865-1877
The Year of Jubilee, 1865
African American Families
Southern Whites and the Problem of Defeat
Emancipation in Comparative Perspective
Shaping Reconstruction, 1865-1868
Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction
The Fight over Reconstruction
The Civil War Amendments and American Citizenship
GLOBAL PASSAGES: America the Diverse
Congressional Reconstruction
Reconstruction in the South, 1866-1876
African American Life in the Postwar South
Republican Governments in the Postwar South
Cotton, Merchants, and the Lien
The End of Reconstruction, 1877
The Ku Klux Klan and Reconstruction Violence
Northern Weariness and Northern Conservatism
Legacies of Reconstruction

Chapter 16. Forging a Transcontinental Nation, 1877-1900
Meeting Ground of Many Peoples
Changing Patterns of Migration
Mexican Borders
Chinese Exclusion
Mapping the West
The Federal Frontier
Promotion and Memory
The Culture of Collective Violence
Extractive Economies and Global Commodities
Mining and Labor
Business Travelers
Railroads, Time, and Space
Industrial Ranching
Corporate Cowboys
Clearing the Land and Cleansing the Wilderness
Conflict and Resistance
Education for Assimilation
The Destruction of the Buffalo
GLOBAL PASSAGES: Settler Societies and Indigenous Peoples
The Dawes Act and Survival
Tourism, Parks, and Forests

Chapter 17. A New Industrial and Labor Order, 1877-1900
Global Webs of Industrial Capitalism
The New Industrial Order
U.S. Industrial Growth in Global Context
Combinations and Concentrations of Wealth
Markets and Consumerism
Work and the Workplace
Global Migrations
GLOBAL PASSAGES: A Revolution in Food
Blue-Collar and White-Collar Workers
Regimentation and Scientific Management
Working Conditions and Wages
Economic Convulsions and Hard Times
Women and Children in the Workplace
Workers Fight Back
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
Organizing Strategies and Labor Violence
The Farmers Organize
The Labor Movement in Global Context
The New Industrial Order: Defense and Dissent
Defending the New Order
Critiquing the New Order

Chapter 18. Cities, Immigrants, Culture, and Politics, 1877-1900
Urbanization
The Growth of Cities
The Peopling of American Cities
Types of Cities
Cities Transformed and "Sorted Out"
Global Migrations
A Worldwide Migration
"America Fever" and the "New" Immigration
The "Immigrant Problem"
The Round Trip to America
GLOBAL PASSAGES: Immigrants Who Returned
Streets Paved with Gold?
Surviving in "The Land of Bosses and Clocks"
Creating Community
Becoming American
The Promise and Peril of City Life
A World of Opportunity
A World of Crises
Tackling Urban Problems
Saving Souls in Urban America
The Social Purity Movement
The Settlement House Movement
Creating Healthy Urban Environments
Challenges to the Politics of Stalemate
Key Issues
Ethnicity, Gender, and Political Culture
The Populist Challenge
The Election of 1896

Chapter 19. The United States Expands Its Reach, 1892-1912
The New Imperialism
A Global Grab for Colonies
Race, Empire, Bibles, and Businessmen
Precedent for American Empire
The Crises of the 1890s
The United States Flexes its Muscles
Latin America
Hawaii
The Cuban Crisis
"A Splendid Little War"
The Complications of Empire
Cuba and Puerto Rico
The Philippines
The Debate over Empire
The Philippine-American War
GLOBAL PASSAGES: African Americans and International Affairs
China
The United States on the World Stage: Roosevelt and Taft
Roosevelt's "Big Stick"
Taft's Dollar Diplomacy

Chapter 20. An Age of Progressive Reform, 1890-1920
Progressivism as a Global Movement
Nodes of Progressivism
The Global Exchange of Progressive Ideas
Urban Reform
The "Good Government" Movement
The Housing Dilemma
Municipal Housekeeping
Segregation and the Racial Limits of Reform
Progressivism at the State and National Levels
Electoral Reforms
Mediating the Labor Problem
Regulating Business: Trust-Busting and Consumer Protection
Conservation Versus Preservation of Nature
Progressivism and World War I
A Progressive War?
Uniting and Disuniting the Nation
Votes for Women
GLOBAL PASSAGES: A Worldwide Struggle for Woman Suffrage
Progressivism in International Context

Chapter 21. America and the Great War, 1914-1920
The Shock of War
The Colonial Origins of the Conflict
A War of Attrition
America's Response to War
The U.S. Path to War, 1914-1917
National Security and the Push Toward Americanization
Social Reform, the Election of 1916, and Challenges to Neutrality
Intervention in Latin America
Decision for War
America at War
Mobilizing People and Ideas
Controlling Dissent
Mobilizing the Economy
Women Suffragists
The Great Migration
Over There
Building an Army
Joining the Fight
Political and Military Complications
Influenza Pandemic
Making Peace Abroad and at Home
GLOBAL PASSAGES: Postwar Colonialism
Making Peace and Fighting Communism
Red Scare
The Fight for the Treaty

Chapter 22. A New Era, 1920-1930
A New Economy for A New Era
Wireless America
Car Culture
Advertising for Mass Consumption
Sexual, Racial, and Ethnic Divides
Challenging Sexual Conventions
African American Renaissance and Repression
Black International Movements
Immigration Restriction
The Ku Klux Klan
A National Culture: At Home and Abroad
Popular Entertainment: Movies, Sports, and Celebrity
GLOBAL PASSAGES: Hollywood Sells America to the World
The New Skepticism
Religion and Society
Prohibition
Post-World War I Politics and Foreign Policy
Government and Business in the 1920s
Coolidge Prosperity
The Election of 1928
Independent Internationalism in the 1920s
The United States and Instability in the Western Hemisphere
The Crash
The End of the Boom
The Great Depression

Chapter 23. A New Deal for Americans, 1931-1939
The New Deal
From Prosperity to Global Depression
Spiral of Decline, 1931-1933
Suffering in the Land
The Failure of the Old Deal
The Coming of the New Deal
Reconstructing Capitalism
The Hundred Days
Voices of Protest
The Second New Deal
Social Security
Labor Activism
The 1936 Election
Society, Law, and Culture in the 1930s
Popular Entertainment
Women and the New Deal
A New Deal for Blacks
GLOBAL PASSAGES: European Refugees
Hispanics and the New Deal
The Indian New Deal
Nature's New Deal
The Twilight of Reform
The New Deal and Judicial Change
Recession
Political Setbacks

Chapter 24. Arsenal of Democracy: The World at War, 1931-1945
The Long Fuse
Isolationist Impulse
Disengagement from Europe
Disengagement in Asia
Appeasement
America at the Brink of War, 1939-1941
Day of Infamy
A Grand Alliance
The War in the Pacific
The War in Europe
The Holocaust
Battle for Production
War Economy
A Government-Sponsored Technology Revolution
GLOBAL PASSAGES: A Battle of Books and Ideas
The Draft
On the Move: Wartime Mobility
Wartime Women
Mexican Migrants, Mexican Americans, and American Indians in Wartime
African Americans in Wartime
Japanese American Internment
Wartime Politics and Postwar Issues
Right Turn
The 1944 Election and the Threshold of Victory
Victory in Europe
Victory in the Pacific

Chapter 25. Prosperity and Liberty Under the Shadow of the Bomb, 1945-1952
The Cold War
The Roots of Conflict
Managing Postwar Europe in Potsdam
The Defeat of Japan
Dividing the Postwar Globe\
The Fear of Nuclear War
A Policy for Containment
The Red Scare
GLOBAL PASSAGES: Rebuilding the World
War in Korea
NSC-68: A Cold War Containment Policy
The Color of Difference Is Red
Hollywood and the Pumpkin Papers
A New Affluence
The Fair Deal
The GI Bill
Working Women
Postwar Migrations
Military-Industrial West and South
Hispanics Move North
Mobile Leisure
Laying the Foundations for Civil Rights
First Steps
Jack Roosevelt Robinson
The Influence of African American Veterans
Black Migration and the Nationalization of Race

Chapter 26. The Dynamic 1950s, 1950-1959
The Eisenhower Era
The End of the Korean War
The New Look
The Rise of the Developing World
Hungary and the Suez, 1956
France's Vietnam War
McCarthyism and the Red Scare
A Dynamic Decade
The Baby Boom
Suburban Migrations-Urban Decline
Consumer Nation
Corporate Order and Industrial Labor
The Future Is Now
Auto Mania
GLOBAL PASSAGES: The International Geophysical Year
Oil Culture
Television
Conformity and Rebellion
Old Time Religion
Women in the 1950s
Organization Men
Teens, Rebels, and Beats
Laying the Foundation for Civil Rights
Brown and the Legal Assault
Showdown in Little Rock
Boots on the Ground
MLK and the Philosophy of Nonviolence

Chapter 27. The Optimism and the Anguish of the 1960s, 1960-1969
The New Frontier
JFK's New Frontier
The Challenge of Racial Justice
Cold War Tensions
Kennedy Assassination
The Great Society
Civil Rights Laws
Great Society Programs
The Supreme Court and Rights and Liberties
The United States and the World Beyond Vietnam
A Robust Economy
Technological Change, Science, and Space Exploration
The Rise of the Sunbelt
Race, Gender, Youth, and the Challenge to the Establishment
Urban Uprisings and Black Power
Latinos and Indians Struggle for Rights
The New Feminism
Environmentalism
Countercultures
GLOBAL PASSAGES: The Hippie Trail

Chapter 28. The Vietnam Era, 1961-1975
Background to a War, 1945-1963
Vietnam and the Cold War
American Commitments to South Vietnam
The 1963 Turning Point
An American War, 1964-1967
Decisions for Escalation, 1964-1965
Ground and Air War, 1966-1967
The War at Home
GLOBAL PASSAGES: Global Disruption
1968: Turmoil and Turning Points
The Tet Offensive
The Agony of 1968
Nixon and the World
From Vietnamization to Paris
The End of the Vietnam War
Reduction of Cold War Tensions
Domestic Policy and the Abuse of Power
Curtailing the Great Society
Watergate

Chapter 29. Conservatism Resurgent, 1973-1988
Backlash
An Accidental President
The Politics of Limits and Malaise
A Dangerous World, 1974-1980
America Held Hostage
Democratic Decline and the Rising Tide on the Right
The Crisis of the Democrats
Rising Tide on the Right
The Religious Right and Neoconservatism
It's Morning Again in America
The Rise of Reagan
Economic Realities
Conservative Justice
GLOBAL PASSAGES: Reefer Madness: America's (Very) Long War on Drugs
Social Transformation and the Technology Revolution
The Rise of the "Nontraditional Family"
Gay Rights and the AIDS Epidemic
A Health-Conscious America
High Technology
Challenging the "Evil Empire"
A New Arms Race
Interventions
Cold War Thaw

Chapter 30. After the Cold War, 1988-2001
George H. W. Bush and the End of the Cold War
The Election of 1988
The Bush Presidency at Home
The New World Order
The Election of 1992
The Good Times
Innovation and New Technology
The Shipping Container Revolution
GLOBAL PASSAGES: The 1965 Immigration Act and Its Consequences
Bill Clinton and the New Democrats
An Awkward Start
Clinton's Recovery
Clinton's Second Term
A Post-Cold War Foreign Policy
Intervention and Mediation
International Terrorism
The Disputed Election of 2000
Bush Versus Gore
The Election in Florida and a Supreme Court Decision

Chapter 31. Twenty-First Century Dangers and Promises, 2001-Present
The Age of Sacred Terror
The United States and Terrorism Before September 11, 2001
September 11 and al-Qaeda
The War in Afghanistan
The Iraq War
Policing Terrorism
Conservatism in the Bush Years
Culture Wars
Compassionate Conservatism in Action
The Election of 2004
Privatizing Social Security
Hurricane Katrina
The Election of 2006
Economic Turmoil
The Dot-Com Bust, Financial Scandals, and the Middle-Class Squeeze
Collapse
The Obama Years
The Election of 2008
Economic Recovery
Iraq Withdrawal and the Afghan War
GLOBAL PASSAGES: China vs. The United States: A Clash of Civilizations?
Battles in the Legislature
Protests on the Right and Left
The 2012 Election
Going Over the Fiscal Cliff
Justice in the 21st Century
Immigration
Civil Rights for Gay Americans
A Turbulent World
Trump's America
The Election of 2016
Trump in Office
Immigration and the Wall
Congress and the Courts
"American First" and Foreign Policy
The Economy
The Election of 2018
Impeachment
Social Issues Outside Washington
Pandemic and Social Unrest

Conclusion

APPENDIX A. Historical Documents
APPENDIX B. Historical Facts and Data
Glossary
Credits
Index