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Summary

This publication takes a critical, evidence-based look at the efficacy of diagnostic tests which are increasingly being used to evaluate organ damage and dysfunction. The use of biomarkers is growing, with a steady stream of products being brought out by the pharmaceutical industry. Some of these assist in diagnosis, others provide a means of monitoring the state of progression of disease and the effectiveness of therapeutic options. However, in many cases the evidence which supports the use of these methods as opposed to traditional biochemical tests has not yet been demonstrated, and it is intended that this volume will help clarify the strengths and weaknesses of using these biomarkers across a wide range of applications and in the various organs of the body. This approach will provide pathologists, clinical biochemists and medical laboratory scientists with an invaluable overview of the diverse applications of biomarkers in medicine.

Table of Contents

List of contributors
x
Preface xxi
Part 1 Assessing and utilizing the diagnostic or prognostic power of biomarkers
Evidence-based medicine: evaluation of biomarkers
3(13)
R. Andrew Moore
Development of biomarkers: the industrial perspective
16(8)
Andy Bufton
Statistical approaches to rational biomarker selection
24(8)
Linda D. Sharples
Using intelligent systems in clinical decision support
32(13)
Richard Jones
Part 2 Biomarkers of kidney disease and dysfunction
Biomarkers in renal disease
45(11)
Christopher P. Price
The genetics of renal disease
56(10)
Jean-Pierre Grunfeld
Bertrand Knebelmann
Early markers of nephrotoxicity for environmental and occupational monitoring
66(10)
Robert G. Price
The early detection of renal impairment in diabetes mellitus. The case for microalbuminuria and other biomarkers
76(23)
Carl E. Mogensen
Part 3 Biomarkers of bone disease and dysfunction
Bone turnover markers in clinical practice
99(16)
Richard Eastell
Sheila Hart
Biomarkers of bone formation
115(7)
Juha Risteli
Saila Kauppila
Arja Jukkola
Eevastiina Marjoniemi
Jukka Melkko
Leila Risteli
Biochemical markers of bone resorption
122(11)
Simon P. Robins
The clinical application of biomarkers in osteoporosis
133(7)
Patrick Garnero
Sources of preanalytical variability in the measurement of biochemical markers of bone turnover
140(19)
Markus J. Seibel
Genetic approaches to the study of complex diseases: osteoporosis
159(8)
Andre G. Uitterlinden
Part 4 Biomarkers of liver disease and dysfunction
Biomarkers of hepatic disease
167(10)
Michael Oellerich
The immunogenetics of metabolic liver disease
177(13)
Peter T. Donaldson
Toxicogenetic markers of liver dysfunction
190(9)
J. Michael Tredger
Prognosis and management of patients with acute liver failure
199(12)
Fin Stolze Larsen
Biomarkers in artificial and bioartificial liver support
211(10)
Robin D. Hughes
Prognostic markers in liver disease
221(7)
Martin Burdelski
Apoptosis: biomarkers and the key role of mitochondria
228(11)
Kelvin Cain
Liver regeneration: mechanisms and markers
239(5)
Nelson Fausto
Jean Campbell
Determinants of responses to viruses and self in liver disease
244(12)
Michael P. Manns
Petra Obermayer-Straub
IL-6-type cytokines and signalling in inflammation
256(9)
Peter C. Heinrich
Johannes G. Bode
Lutz Graeve
Serge Haan
Astrid Martens
Gerhard Muller-Newen
Ariane Nimmesgern
Fred Schaper
Jochen Schmitz
Elmar Siewert
Part 5 Biomarkers of gastrointestinal disease and dysfunction
Biomarkers in gastrointestinal disease
265(7)
Humphrey J. F. Hodgson
Tumour markers in gastrointestinal disease
272(9)
Anthony J. FitzGerald
Nicholas A. Wright
Markers of malabsorption: coeliac disease
281(10)
H. Julia Ellis
Jocelyn S. Fraser
Paul J. Ciclitira
Part 6 Biomarkers in toxicology
Genomics and biomarkers in toxicology
291(8)
Jonathan D. Tugwood
Katherine M. Beckett
Protein profiling and proteomic databases
299(14)
Julio E. Celis
Pavel Gromov
Morten Østergaard
Hildur Palsdottir
Irina Gromova
Biomarkers for evaluating the safety of genetically modified foods
313(12)
Ad A. C. M. Peijnenburg
Hubert P. J. M. Noteborn
Harry A. Kuiper
Part 7 Biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and dysfunction
The impact of biochemical tests on patient management
325(9)
Paul O. Collinson
Cardiac natriuretic peptides in risk assessment of patients with acute myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure
334(11)
Johannes Mair
Serum markers of inflammation and cardiovascular risk
345(10)
Juan Carlos Kaski
The clinical significance of markers of coagulation in acute coronary syndromes
355(10)
Lina Badimon
Antonio Bayes-Genis
Endothelin: what does it tell us about myocardial and endothelial dysfunction?
365(9)
John Pernow
Homocysteine: a reversible risk factor for coronary heart disease
374(5)
John C. Chambers
Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors
379(12)
Peter M. Timms
Stewart Campbell
Vinijar Srikanthan
Christopher P. Price
Part 8 Biomarkers of neurological disease and dysfunction
Biomarkers of neurodegenerative disorders
391(7)
John M. Land
Traumatic brain injury: assessment by biochemical serum markers
398(8)
Tor Ingebrigtsen
Bertil Romner
An overview of S-100β as a clinically useful biomarker of brain tissue damage
406(9)
John Azami
Basil F. Matta
Part 9 Biomarkers in transplantation
Monitoring heart and lung transplant patients
415(8)
Marlene L. Rose
Monitoring liver transplant recipients
423(10)
Andrew Trull
Chronic allograft damage index as a surrogate marker for chronic allograft rejection
433(9)
Serdar Yilmaz
Mark Nutley
Eero Taskinen
Timo Paavonen
Pekka Hayry
Advances in pharmacodynamic biomarkers for monitoring the response to immunosuppressive drug therapy
442(9)
Victor W. Armstrong
The use of biomarkers for monitoring the response to immunosuppressive drug therapy
451(10)
Atholl Johnston
Post-transplantation bone disease
461(6)
Juliet E. Compston
Molecular diagnosis of cytomegalovirus disease
467(7)
Aycan F. Hassan-Walker
Vincent C. Emery
Paul D. Griffiths
Diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory events in transplant recipients
474(9)
Claus Hammer
Gudrun Hobbel
Stephanie Hammer
Peter Fraunberger
Bruno Meiser
Index 483

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