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Summary
As China's economic strength, geopolitical importance, and cultural influence continue to grow, students and scholars-as well as businesspeople, travelers, and others-are looking to move beyond a travel guide's view of the country and get real insights into its history, society, and way of life. This authoritative resource will help unravel the complexities of the world's most populous country-a nation of ancient glory and rising power, yet one that remains elusive and not generally well known.
Table of Contents
| About the Editor and the Contributors | p. xi |
| Introduction | p. xv |
| Geography | p. 1 |
| The Physical Setting and China's Population | p. 1 |
| Geographical Regions | p. 4 |
| Land, Agriculture, and the Laojia | p. 8 |
| Coming to China: Invasion and Tribute | p. 10 |
| Themes in Chinese Geography | p. 12 |
| Imaginative Geography | p. 17 |
| History | p. 21 |
| Archaeology | p. 21 |
| Foundation Myths and Early History (to c. 1100 B.C.E.) | p. 22 |
| Charting the Rise and Fall of China's Dynastic Tradition-Sima Guang's Perspective | p. 26 |
| The Zhou Dynasty (c. 1100-221 B.C.E.) | p. 28 |
| The Qin Centralization (221-206 B.C.E.) | p. 30 |
| The Han Dynasty (206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.) | p. 33 |
| The Period of Division (220-589) | p. 36 |
| The Sui Dynasty (581-617) | p. 37 |
| The Tang Dynasty (618-906) | p. 38 |
| The Five Dynasties (907-959) and the Kingdoms of Liao, Xi Xia, and Jin (c. 900-1234) | p. 41 |
| The Northern and Southern Song (960-1279) | p. 42 |
| The Mongols and the Yuan (1234-1368) | p. 44 |
| The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) | p. 47 |
| The Qing Dynasty to 1800 | p. 49 |
| The Early 19th Century-Stasis, War, and Diplomacy (1800-1850) | p. 52 |
| Rebellion and Beyond (1850-1870) | p. 54 |
| Attempts at Restoration and the Fall of Qing (1870-1911) | p. 55 |
| Republican China and the War Years (1913-1949) | p. 58 |
| The People's Republic of China (1949-Present) | p. 61 |
| Notes | p. 64 |
| Politics and Government | p. 67 |
| From Traditional to Modern: The 20th-century Chinese State | p. 67 |
| Themes from Communist Systems | p. 70 |
| Combining Traditional and Communist System Models | p. 71 |
| Ideology | p. 72 |
| Party-State Structure | p. 83 |
| Domestic Policy: Human Rights and Dissent | p. 90 |
| Foreign Policy: China and Global Politics | p. 92 |
| Greater China Issues | p. 98 |
| The Modern Chinese Economy | p. 103 |
| China's Traditional Agricultural Economy | p. 105 |
| The Chinese Economy, 1900-1949 | p. 114 |
| China's Economy: The Mao Era, 1949-1978 | p. 117 |
| Economic Reform, 1979-1989 | p. 129 |
| The Chinese Economy Today | p. 134 |
| Resources | p. 134 |
| China's Economic System | p. 141 |
| Intellectual Property Rights | p. 144 |
| China's Financial System | p. 148 |
| China's Trading Partners and China's Trade Balance | p. 153 |
| Society | p. 163 |
| Religion and Thought | p. 163 |
| The Hundred Schools of Thought (c. 700-200 B.C.E.) | p. 167 |
| Buddhism and Religious Daoism During the Period of Division (c. 200-600 C.E.) | p. 172 |
| Neo-Confucian Thought | p. 175 |
| Religion, Thought, and the Power of Gathering | p. 178 |
| Social Classes and Ethnicity | p. 182 |
| People | p. 182 |
| Wealth, Class, and Status in Chinese History | p. 185 |
| Wealth and Status in Contemporary China | p. 189 |
| Ethnicity and Outlying Peoples in Early Chinese Thought | p. 190 |
| Ethnic Minorities in Modern China | p. 192 |
| Women and Marriage | p. 194 |
| Women in Chinese Society | p. 194 |
| Marriage and Family in Traditional China | p. 196 |
| Traditional Marriage and Family Life | p. 199 |
| Women in Contemporary China | p. 203 |
| Education | p. 206 |
| Language and Locality | p. 206 |
| Education and Acculturation | p. 208 |
| Traditional Education | p. 209 |
| Contemporary Education | p. 213 |
| Educational Curricula | p. 214 |
| Education in Taiwan and Hong Kong | p. 215 |
| Educational Challenges | p. 218 |
| Culture | p. 221 |
| Chinese Language | p. 221 |
| The History of Written Chinese | p. 221 |
| Formation of the Characters | p. 224 |
| Simplified Characters | p. 226 |
| Problems of Simplification | p. 228 |
| Pronunciation | p. 233 |
| Phonetic Writing (Romanizational) Systems: Peking or Beijing? | p. 234 |
| Mandarin versus Dialects | p. 235 |
| Useful Chinese Expressions | p. 236 |
| Social Relationships and Etiquette | p. 238 |
| Nested Boxes | p. 238 |
| Social Relationships-Guanxi | p. 239 |
| Social Relationships-Family | p. 240 |
| Social Relationships-Beyond Home | p. 242 |
| Social Relationships-Practical Etiquette in Chinese Social Situations | p. 244 |
| Literature | p. 250 |
| Introduction: Continuity, Discontinuity, and Diversity | p. 250 |
| The Classic of Poetry | p. 250 |
| The Songs of Chu | p. 251 |
| Early Prose | p. 253 |
| Han Dynasty Poetry | p. 255 |
| One Poet from the Period of Division: Tao Qian | p. 257 |
| Two Poets from the Tang: Li Bo and Du Fu | p. 258 |
| Ci Poetry of the Song Dynasty | p. 261 |
| Fiction: Tales and Short Stories | p. 263 |
| Drama | p. 265 |
| Ming and Qing Novels | p. 266 |
| The Modern and Contemporary Periods | p. 267 |
| Chinese Art | p. 270 |
| Chinese Art and the Supernatural World | p. 271 |
| Nature in Chinese Pictorial Art | p. 275 |
| Chinese Decorative Art | p. 280 |
| Music in China | p. 284 |
| Introduction | p. 284 |
| Differences between Chinese and Western Music | p. 285 |
| Characteristic Types of Traditional Chinese Music | p. 293 |
| Food | p. 298 |
| Food in Chinese Culture | p. 298 |
| Food in Chinese History | p. 301 |
| Chinese Regional Cuisines | p. 303 |
| Tea Culture and Chinese Festival Foods | p. 308 |
| Leisure and Sports | p. 311 |
| A Walk in Shanghai | p. 311 |
| Daily Life in Chinese Societies | p. 313 |
| Pilgrimage and Everyday Activities | p. 317 |
| Spectator Sports and the Olympic Games | p. 323 |
| Popular Culture and Traditional Beliefs | p. 328 |
| The Internet, Gaming, and Communication | p. 328 |
| Film and Cinema | p. 331 |
| Popular Religion | p. 333 |
| Calendars and Almanacs | p. 334 |
| Numbers and Directions | p. 337 |
| Yin-Yang, the Five Phases, and Color Symbolism | p. 339 |
| Language and Popular Culture | p. 342 |
| Contemporary Issues | p. 347 |
| Contemporary China: Echoes of the Past | p. 347 |
| China's Traditional Worldview | p. 349 |
| European Maritime Powers and the Qing Dynasty | p. 350 |
| The Opium War, 1839-1842 | p. 353 |
| The Century of Humiliation | p. 355 |
| Environmental Problems | p. 357 |
| Pollution | p. 357 |
| Coal Dependence and Mining Dangers | p. 359 |
| Three Georges Dam Controversies | p. 360 |
| Poaching of Endangered Species | p. 361 |
| Tainted Products from China | p. 363 |
| Lead Paint Products from China | p. 364 |
| Political Events in China: China's Government Crackdown against Political Protests by Tibetans and Uighurs | p. 365 |
| The Chinese Adoption Industry | p. 366 |
| The Beijing Summer Olympics | p. 368 |
| Conclusions | p. 370 |
| Glossary | p. 373 |
| Facts and Figures | p. 383 |
| Chinese Festivals and National Holidays | p. 425 |
| China-Related Organizations | p. 431 |
| Annotated Bibliography | p. 443 |
| Thematic Index | p. 453 |
| Index | p. 481 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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