Cognitive Neuroscience,9780393977776

Cognitive Neuroscience

by ; ;
Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780393977776
ISBN10: 0393977773
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2002-01-01
Publisher(s): W W Norton & Co Inc
List Price: $127.80

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Summary

Daniel Reisberg\'s Cognition: Exploring the Science of the Mind presents current topics and issues in clear, lively prose that is accessible to students. With Cognition, students see where ideas originate, how they are evaluated, and how theories evolve through experimentation. The new Second Edition has been completely redesigned and includes new pedagogy to make the book even more student friendly. Over 600 new citations, as well as revisions to every chapter, bring the text to the forefront of its field. Major updates include a new chapter on the brain and cognition, an expanded emphasis on visual perception, a completely reconceived chapter on memory errors and gaps, and a thorough updating of the chapters on judgment, decision making, and reasoning.

Table of Contents

Boxes xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience
1(22)
Pondering the Big Questions
1(1)
The Brain Story
2(9)
The Twentieth Century
11(4)
The Psychological Story
15(4)
Cognitive Neuroscience
19(1)
The Sudden Rise of Brain Imaging
20(1)
Summary
21(1)
Key Terms
22(1)
Thought Questions
22(1)
Suggested Readings
22(1)
The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition
23(39)
Cells of the Nervous System
24(1)
The structure of neurons
25(3)
The role of glial cells
28(3)
Neuronal Signaling
31(1)
Overview of neuronal communication
31(1)
Properties of the neuronal membrane and the membrane potential
31(4)
Electrical conduction in neurons
35(15)
Transmembrane proteins: Ion channels and pumps
50(2)
Synaptic Transmission
52(1)
Chemical transmission
53(1)
Electrical transmission
54(2)
Neurotransmitters
56(4)
Summary
60(1)
Key Terms
61(1)
Thought Questions
61(1)
Suggested Readings
61(1)
Gross and Functional Anatomy of Cognition
62(34)
Neuroanatomy
63(1)
Methods in neuroanatomy
63(7)
Gross and Functional Anatomy of the Nervous System
70(1)
Cerebral cortex
70(10)
Limbic system, basal ganglia, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and diencephalon
80(9)
Brainstem
89(3)
Cerebellum
92(1)
Spinal cord
92(1)
Autonomic nervous system
93(2)
Summary
95(1)
Key Terms
95(1)
Thought Questions
95(1)
Suggested Readings
95(1)
The Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience
96(52)
What is Cognitive Psychology?
97(1)
Mental representations and transformations
97(2)
Characterizing mental operations
99(2)
Constraints on information processing
101(1)
Computer Modeling
102(1)
Models are explicit
103(1)
Representations in computer models
103(1)
Models lead to testable predictions
104(1)
Limitations with computer models
105(1)
Experimental Techniques Used with Animals
106(1)
Single-cell recording
106(5)
Lesions
111(1)
Genetic manipulations
112(1)
Neurology
113(1)
Structural imaging of neurological damage
114(1)
Causes of neurological disorders
115(6)
Functional neurosurgery
121(2)
Converging Methods
123(1)
Cognitive deficits following brain damage
124(3)
Virtual lesions: Transcranial magnetic stimulation
127(2)
Functional imaging
129(15)
Summary
144(3)
Key Terms
147(1)
Thought Questions
147(1)
Suggested Readings
147(1)
Perception and Encoding
148(45)
Disorders of Perception: A Case Study
148(2)
Overview of Neural Pathways
150(1)
The eye, retina, and receptors
150(2)
From the eye to the central nervous system
152(1)
Parallel Processing in the Visual System
153(1)
Organization of the lateral geniculate nucleus
153(5)
Multiple pathways in the visual cortex
158(2)
Cortical Visual Areas
160(1)
Cellular correlates of visual features
161(2)
Imaging visual areas in humans
163(4)
Analysis and representation of visual features
167(4)
Deficits in Feature Perception
171(1)
Deficits in color perception: Achromatopsia
172(3)
Deficits in motion perception: Akinetopsia
175(2)
Deficits in other aspects of visual perception
177(1)
Independent or Convergent Pathways
177(3)
Dissociations of Cortical and Subcortical Visual Pathways
180(1)
Spatial orientation and object perception in the hamster
180(2)
Blindsight: Evidence of residual visual function following cortical blindness
182(2)
Functions of the retino-collicular pathway in humans
184(1)
Auditory Perception
185(1)
Overview of the auditory pathways
185(3)
Computational goals in audition
188(1)
Concurrent processing for sound localization
189(2)
Summary
191(1)
Key Terms
192(1)
Thought Questions
192(1)
Suggested Readings
192(1)
Higher Perceptual Functions
193(51)
Agnosia: A Case Study
194(1)
Two Cortical Pathways for Visual Perception
195(3)
Representational differences between the dorsal and ventral pathways
198(4)
Perception for identification versus perception for action
202(3)
Computational Problems in Object Recognition
205(1)
Variability in sensory information
205(1)
View-dependent or view-invariant recognition?
206(1)
Shape encoding
207(3)
Grandmother cells and ensemble coding
210(2)
Summary of computational issues
212(1)
Failures of Object Recognition
213(2)
Subtypes of agnosia
215(4)
Integrating parts into wholes
219(2)
Category specificity in agnosia
221(3)
Computational account of category-specific deficits
224(2)
Prosopagnosia
226(1)
Are faces special?
227(1)
Neural mechanisms for face perception
227(4)
Dissociations of face and object perception
231(4)
Two systems for object recognition
235(2)
The Relationship Between Visual Perception, Imagery, and Memory
237(5)
Summary
242(1)
Key Terms
242(1)
Thought Questions
242(1)
Suggested Readings
243(1)
Selective Attention and Orienting
244(57)
Theoretical Models of Attention
245(3)
The cocktail party effect
248(2)
Early-versus late-selection theories
250(1)
Quantifying attention in perception
251(4)
Neural Systems in Attention and Selective Perception
255(3)
Neurophysiology of human attention
258(22)
Animal studies of attentional mechanisms
280(9)
Neurology and Neuropsychology of Attention
289(1)
Extinction and neglect
289(10)
Summary
299(1)
Key Terms
299(1)
Thought Questions
299(1)
Suggested Readings
300(1)
Learning and Memory
301(50)
Theories of Memory
302(1)
Sensory and short-term memory mechanisms
302(7)
Models of short-term memory
309(4)
Models of long-term memory
313(2)
Summary of theories of memory
315(1)
Memory and Brain
315(2)
Human memory, brain damage, and amnesia
317(15)
Summary of amnesia and long-term memory systems
332(1)
Animal models of memory
332(5)
Imaging the human brain and memory
337(8)
Cellular Bases of Learning and Memory
345(1)
Long-term potentiation and the hippocampus
346(3)
Summary
349(1)
Key Terms
350(1)
Thought Questions
350(1)
Suggested Readings
350(1)
Language and the Brain
351(49)
Tamara Y. Swaab
Theories of Language
352(1)
The storage of words and concepts: The mental lexicon
352(6)
Perceptual analyses of the linguistic input
358(10)
The recognition of words
368(5)
Integration of words in sentences
373(5)
Speech production
378(3)
Neuropsychology of Language and Language Disorders
381(1)
Aphasia
381(10)
Neurophysiology of Language
391(1)
Functional neuroimaging of language
391(1)
Electrophysiology of language
392(6)
Summary
398(1)
Key Terms
399(1)
Thought Questions
399(1)
Suggested Readings
399(1)
Cerebral Lateralization and Specialization
400(45)
Dividing the Mind
400(2)
Principles of Cerebral Organization
402(1)
Anatomical correlates of hemispheric specialization
402(2)
Microanatomical investigations of anatomical asymmetries
404(1)
How the Two Hemispheres Communicate
405(1)
Cortical disconnection
406(2)
Functional consequences of the split-brain procedure
408(1)
Specificity of callosal function
409(1)
Hemispheric Specialization
410(1)
Language and speech
410(4)
Visuospatial processing
414(1)
Attention and perception
415(4)
Converging Evidence of Hemispheric Specialization
419(1)
Functional asymmetries in patients with unilateral cortical lesions
419(1)
Functional asymmetries in the normal brain
420(3)
What Is Lateralized?
423(3)
Asymmetries in perceptual representations
426(5)
Asymmetries in representing spatial relations
431(5)
Recent theoretical developments concerning hemispheric specialization
436(2)
Variations in Hemispheric Specialization
438(1)
The relation between handedness and left-hemisphere language dominance
438(2)
Hemispheric specialization in nonhumans
440(3)
Summary
443(1)
Key Terms
443(1)
Thought Questions
443(1)
Suggested Readings
444(1)
The Control of Action
445(54)
Motor Structures
447(1)
Muscles, motor neurons, and the spinal cord
447(2)
Subcortical motor structures
449(2)
Cortical regions involved in motor control
451(1)
The organization of motor areas
451(1)
Computational Issues in Motor Control
452(1)
Peripheral control of movement and the role of feedback
453(2)
The representation of movement plans
455(6)
Physiological Analysis of Motor Pathways
461(1)
The neural representation of movement
461(8)
Comparison of Motor Planning and Execution
469(1)
Internal versus external guidance of movement
470(2)
Shift in cortical control with learning
472(4)
Functional Analysis of the Motor System and Movement Disorders
476(1)
Cortical areas
477(8)
Subcortical areas: The cerebellum and basal ganglia
485(11)
Summary
496(2)
Key Terms
498(1)
Thought Questions
498(1)
Suggested Readings
498(1)
Executive Functions and Frontal Lobes
499(38)
Subdivisions of the Frontal Lobes
500(2)
The Lateral Prefrontal Cortex and Working Memory
502(1)
Distinguishing between stored knowledge and activated information
502(2)
Working memory versus associative memory
504(7)
The Prefrontal Cortex Participates in Other Memory Domains
511(1)
The frontal lobes and the temporal organization of memory
511(1)
Source memory
512(2)
Component Analysis of Prefrontal Cortex
514(1)
Content-based accounts of functional specialization within lateral prefrontal function
514(1)
Process-based accounts of functional specialization within lateral prefrontal function
515(4)
The selection of task-relevant information
519(5)
Goal-Oriented Behavior
524(1)
Planning and selecting an action
525(5)
The anterior cingulate as a monitoring system
530(5)
Summary
535(1)
Key Terms
536(1)
Thought Questions
536(1)
Suggested Readings
536(1)
Emotion
537(40)
Elizabeth A. Phelps
Issues in the Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion
539(1)
Defining emotion
539(1)
Manipulating and measuring emotion
540(4)
Emotion and cognition
544(1)
Neural Systems in Emotional Processing
545(1)
Early concepts: The limbic system
545(1)
Orbitofrontal cortex
546(7)
Amygdala
553(19)
Laterality
572(1)
Emotion communication
572(2)
Affective style
574(1)
Summary
575(1)
Key Terms
576(1)
Thought Questions
576(1)
Suggested Readings
576(1)
Evolutionary Perspectives
577(34)
Leah Krubitzer
Evolution of the Brain
578(1)
The historical underpinning of contemporary evolutionary neurobiology
578(4)
Modern evolutionary neurobiology: Assumptions and aims
582(4)
First Principles
586(3)
Evolutionary mechanisms
589(1)
The Comparative Approach
590(3)
The scale of nature revisited
593(3)
Adaptation and the Brain
596(1)
Adaptations at multiple brain levels
597(3)
Sexual selection and evolutionary pressures on behavior
600(1)
Sexual abilities and spatial abilities
600(2)
Evolution and physiology
602(2)
Adaptive specializations and learning mechanisms
604(3)
Evolutionary Insights into Human Brain Organization
607(2)
Summary
609(1)
Key Terms
610(1)
Thought Questions
610(1)
Suggested Readings
610(1)
Development and Plasticity
611(43)
The Shaping of the Brain
611(2)
Perceptual and Cognitive Development
613(1)
A classic theory of cognitive development
613(6)
Development of visual cognition--Object recognition
619(1)
Development of the human attention system
620(3)
Language acquisition during development
623(5)
Summary of cognitive development
628(1)
Development of the Nervous System
628(1)
Overview of gross development
629(1)
Genesis of the cerebral cortex
630(10)
Birth of new neurons throughout life
640(2)
Postnatal brain development
642(1)
Summary of cortical development
643(1)
Plasticity in the Nervous System
644(3)
Plasticity in the normal adult brain
647(2)
Reorganization in human cortex
649(3)
Summary
652(1)
Key Terms
652(1)
Thought Questions
652(1)
Suggested Readings
653(1)
The Problem of Consciousness
654(2)
Philosophical Perspectives
656(4)
Conscious Versus Unconscious Processing
660(3)
The extent of subconscious processing
663(4)
Gaining access to consciousness
667(2)
Neurons, Neuronal Groups, and Conscious Experience
669(3)
The Emergence of the Brain Interpreter in the Human Species
672(4)
Is consciousness a uniquely human experience?
676(3)
Left- and right-hemisphere consciousness
679(1)
Summary
680(1)
Key Terms
681(1)
Thought Questions
681(1)
Suggested Readings
681
Glossary 1(1)
References 1(1)
Acknowledgments and Credits 1(1)
Index 1

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