The contributors to this book constitute a gathering of younger and established scholars who have written accessible, state-of-the-field essays on a multiplicity of topics to provide readers with an introduction to their subject. Each essay offers readers a place to begin their own pursuit of American agricultural history whether in general or regarding the subject under consideration. This collection of thirty-one original essays and an extensive bibliography will enable readers to gain an understanding of American agricultural history across region and time as well as focus on specific subjects, themes, and issues.
The contents of these essays begin at 8,000 BCE and range to the third decade of the twenty-first century. Specifically, they provide a narrative summary and a critical examination of the historical works upon which the authors have based their assessments. The essays offer a comprehensive overview of critical areas in American agricultural history. As such, they will prove useful for introductory students, experienced scholars, and general readers as well as teachers, journalists, public officials, and policy makers who want a brief survey of specific topics in field-defining essays in American agricultural history.
This book will provide a succinct and solid foundation for understanding American agricultural history and offer new insights and fresh, innovative directions and ideas for further research. It is a superb reference for the topics discussed. Moreover, this collection provides an assessment of nearly a century of scholarship written by historians, political scientists, economists, geographers, anthropologists, sociologists, and environmentalists, among others to constitute a book of essays that is foundational to the study of American agricultural history.
This book will enable all readers to understand the integral importance of our agricultural past to the American experience.
R. DOUGLAS HURT is a Professor of History at Purdue University. He served as President of the Agricultural History Society and is a former editor of Agricultural History, Missouri Historical Review, and Ohio History. Professor Hurt is the author and editor of numerous books including American Agriculture: A Brief History and Food and Agriculture during the Civil War.
Notes on Contributors ix
Introduction 1
R. Douglas Hurt
Part I Regional 3
1 Native American Agriculture before European Contact 5
Gayle Fritz
2 North American Colonial Agriculture 23
Taylor Spence
3 Early National America, 1789–1830: Laying the Foundation for Nineteenth-Century Agricultural Growth 37
James L. Huston
4 Agricultural Power and Production in Antebellum America 47
Kelly Houston Jones
5 Making the Rural Midwest: Commodities and Communities 60
J.L. Anderson
6 The Great Plains 75
Thomas D. Isern
7 Post-Civil War Southern Agriculture 89
Jeannie Whayne
8 Three Eras of California Agriculture: Wheat, Specialty Crops, Cotton 102
David Vaught
9 American Indian Agriculture 115
David H. DeJong
10 Cities and Agriculture in America 129
Andrew C. Baker
Part II Science, Technology, and Environment 145
11 The Historians’ Corner: American Agricultural Science 147
Alan I Marcus
12 Agricultural Technology 161
Paul Nienkamp
13 Plant Sciences: A Brief History 175
Karen-Beth G. Scholthof
14 A Counterculture Agriculture: Organic Farming in a Commercial Food Age 188
David D. Vail
15 Agricultural History’s Agroecological Turn 200
Mark D. Hersey and Albert G. Way
Part III Ethnicity and Gender 213
16 African Americans in Twentieth-Century Agriculture 215
Cherisse Jones-Branch
17 Gender and Agriculture 229
Sara Egge
18 Migrant Labor 244
Nancy Gabin
Part IV Politics and Policy 255
19 Evolving Boundaries: “The People’s Department” across Three Centuries 257
Anne Effland
20 Agrarian Reform: The Grange, the Farmers’ Alliance, and Populism 272
Connie L. Lester
21 Agricultural Organization in the Twentieth Century: Progressives, Radicals, and Social Activists 286
Nancy K. Berlage
22 The Development of American Agricultural Policy 300
Jonathan Coppess
23 Irrigation, Reclamation, and Water Rights 314
Brian Q. Cannon
24 Consumers, Producers, and the Shifting Logic of Food Safety 327
Kendra Smith-Howard
25 Meatpacking 341
Wilson J. Warren
26 Agribusiness 354
Peter A. Coclanis
Part V Culture 371
27 Rural Life 373
Megan Birk
28 Agriculture and Art 389
Travis Nygard
29 Agriculture in US Literature 409
Kathryn C. Dolan
30 The Blues, Country Music, and American Agriculture 421
Joseph M. Thompson
31 Agriculture and Film 436
Debra A. Reid
Bibliography 453
Sara E. Morris
Index 551