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vii | |
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x | |
Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
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1 | (16) |
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Chronology of developments in archaeology and envrionmental studies |
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2 | (9) |
PART I: LIFE |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (28) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (3) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (3) |
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Multiple-species communities |
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26 | (2) |
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Classification of the biosphere |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (3) |
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Soil processes and soil horizons |
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32 | (1) |
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Soil profiles and soil types |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Characteristics of sedimentation |
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38 | (1) |
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Classification of sedimentation processes |
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39 | (2) |
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The onset, continuation and cessation of sedimentation |
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41 | (1) |
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Sediment classification and terminology |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (2) |
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Spatial distribution and sequences |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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20 | (4) |
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Temporo-spatial variations in seabirds and waterfowl |
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24 | (3) |
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What do we mean by `niche'? |
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27 | (3) |
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Soil horizons and soil types |
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30 | (15) |
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45 | (15) |
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Definition and Characteristics of Ecosystems |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (4) |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (1) |
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A Classification of Ecosystems |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (6) |
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Ecosystem changes in the Holocene |
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55 | (5) |
PART II: FROM DEATH TO BURIAL |
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A Crannog and its Environment |
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60 | (7) |
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Different Categories of Materials |
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60 | (1) |
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Different Scales of Space |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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Relevance of the Spatial Integrity of the Data |
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65 | (1) |
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The Special Nature of the Site |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Death Assemblage Formation |
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67 | (11) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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Death-traps or locationally biased death |
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68 | (1) |
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The effects of predators and scavengers |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Hominid- and human-originated death |
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69 | (3) |
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Modelling Death Assemblages |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (4) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (2) |
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Modelling pollen assemblages |
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70 | (4) |
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Modelling bone death assemblages |
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74 | (4) |
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Deposition and Post-Deposition |
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78 | (16) |
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The Nature of the Archaeology |
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78 | (3) |
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Physico-Chemical Conditions |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (4) |
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Minimal or no lateral movement |
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86 | (3) |
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Post-Deposition Transformation of Land and Archeology |
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89 | (2) |
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Zones of Destruction and Preservation |
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91 | (1) |
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Representativeness of Preservation |
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92 | (2) |
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Physico-chemical conditions of preservation |
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80 | (14) |
PART III: PROCEDURES AND METHODS |
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Research Designs and Sampling Strategies |
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94 | (12) |
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94 | (1) |
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Spatial Areas of Research |
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94 | (1) |
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How not to define areas of research |
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95 | (1) |
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Defining areas of research |
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96 | (5) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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South Nesting, Shetland: scales of sampling |
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98 | (8) |
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Methods of Examining Archaeological Distributions |
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106 | (12) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (3) |
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109 | (1) |
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Historical Documents and Toponymy |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (1) |
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Phosphate and Magnetic Susceptibility Measurement |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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Analysis and Use of Soils and Sediments |
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118 | (14) |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (5) |
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Soils and Sediments in Archaeology |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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Soil and sediment histories |
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129 | (3) |
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Distinctions between soils and sediments |
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119 | (7) |
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The prediction of site distributions |
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126 | (6) |
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132 | (16) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (3) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (3) |
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Stellmoor, Germany: integrating freshwater molluscs and ostracods |
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142 | (6) |
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148 | (23) |
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Molecules, Isotopes and Increments |
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148 | (1) |
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Archaeological Features and Sites |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (6) |
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160 | (5) |
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165 | (6) |
PART IV: INTERPRETATION |
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171 | (10) |
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172 | (1) |
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Nearest neighbour analysis |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Diversity and equitability |
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172 | (3) |
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Methods of assemblage comparison |
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175 | (2) |
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Methods which use Individual Species' Ecology |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Mutual climatic range method (MCRM) |
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179 | (2) |
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181 | (15) |
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182 | (3) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (3) |
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Ethnoarchaeology, Experiment and Taphonomy |
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188 | (1) |
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Site Exploitation Territorial Analysis |
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189 | (5) |
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194 | (1) |
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Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation |
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194 | (2) |
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Howmore, South Uist: ethnoarchaeology case study 1 |
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186 | (1) |
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The Dassenetch: ethnoarchaeology case study 2 |
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187 | (3) |
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SETA in the Upper Palaeolithic of northern Spain |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (4) |
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196 | (19) |
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Northern England: The Roman Impact |
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196 | (5) |
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The Earlier Neolithic of the English Chalk |
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201 | (1) |
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Procedural stages of molluscan interpretation |
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202 | (3) |
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The environmental sequence |
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205 | (2) |
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What else should we be doing? |
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207 | (1) |
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The absence of Neolithic erosion |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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Terrace agriculture in semi-arid mountainous localities |
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209 | (1) |
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Soil/human relationships on a Mediterranean karst island |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (4) |
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The Human Niche: A Basic Unit of Study for Archaeology |
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215 | (4) |
References |
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219 | (18) |
Index |
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237 | |