Forensic Facial Identification Theory and Practice of Identification from Eyewitnesses, Composites and CCTV

Forensic Facial Identification discusses the latest scientific and technical advancements in the field and their implications for practice in psychology, criminology, and law.

• Provides an up-to-date set of best practices for forensic facial identification
• Reviews current procedures for different facial identification methods and their reliability
• Covers eyewitness testimony, line-ups, facial composites, anthropological face reconstructions, CCTV images, and computerized automatic face recognition systems
• Incorporates case studies which put the latest research and technology in the proper legal context

Tim Valentine is Professor of Psychology at Goldsmiths, University of London. He received his PhD from the University of Nottingham and previously held academic posts at the Universities of Manchester and Durham. He is the author of more than 80 journal articles and book chapters on face recognition and eyewitness identification, and is co-editor of The Handbook of Psychology of Investigative Interviewing (Wiley-Blackwell, 2009) and Cognitive and Computational Aspects of Face Recognition (1995), as well as the co-author of The Cognitive Psychology of Proper Names (1996). He has also provided advice to the courts in many prominent criminal cases.

Josh P. Davis is Senior Lecturer in the Psychology and Counseling Department at the University of Greenwich, London. He received his PhD in Psychology from Goldsmiths, University of London. He has published many journal articles and book chapters on topics associated with face recognition and eyewitness identification.

Contributors vii

Foreword by Elizabeth F. Loftus xi

Series Preface xv

Part 1 Introduction 1

1 Identification and Surveillance of Facial Images: Progress and Problems 3
Tim Valentine and Josh P. Davis

Part 2 Searching for Suspects and the Identification of Victims 15

2 Interviewing for Face Identification 17
Fiona Gabbert and Charity Brown

3 Facial Composites and Techniques to Improve Image Recognizability 43
Charlie Frowd

4 Searching for Suspects: Mugshot Files and Showups (Street Identifications) 71
Victoria Z. Lawson and Jennifer E. Dysart

5 Craniofacial Analysis and Identification 93
Caroline Wilkinson

Part 3 Identification by Eyewitnesses 127

6 Lineup Composition and Lineup Fairness 129
Steven E. Clark, Molly B. Moreland, and Ryan A. Rush

7 Estimator Variables and Memory for Faces 159
Hannah Ryder, Harriet Smith, and Heather D. Flowe

8 Confidence and Accuracy of Eyewitness Identification 185
James D. Sauer and Neil Brewer

Part 4 Identification from CCTV Images 209

9 Human Verification of Identity from Photographic Images 211
Josh P. Davis and Tim Valentine

10 Expert Analysis: Facial Image Comparison 239
Gary Edmond, Josh P. Davis, and Tim Valentine

11 Evaluating Automatic Face Recognition Systems with Human Benchmarks 263
Alice O’Toole and P. Jonathon Phillips

Part 5 Implications for Criminal Justice 285

12 Eyewitness Identification and Facial Image Comparison Evidence in Common Law Jurisdictions 287
Andrew Roberts

13 Forensic Facial Identification: A Practical Guide to Best Practice 323
Tim Valentine and Josh P. Davis

Index 000