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Summary
Author Biography
Table of Contents
Preface | p. xi |
Introduction to the Modern World | p. 1 |
Perceptions of the World | p. 2 |
The Physical World | p. 2 |
The Political World | p. 3 |
The Ethnic World | p. 3 |
Emergence of the Modern World | p. 4 |
The World in 1350 | p. 4 |
Early European Expansion: From the 1400s to the Early 1600s | p. 6 |
Later European Expansion: From the 1600s to the Early 1900s | p. 7 |
The Twentieth-Century World | p. 9 |
Post-World War II Trends | p. 17 |
U.S. Leadership | p. 17 |
The Soviet Challenge | p. 18 |
The End of Colonialism | p. 19 |
Increasing Interconnections | p. 20 |
Globalization | p. 21 |
Exponential Increases in International Economic Transactions | p. 21 |
Integration of International/Global Economic Decision Making | p. 22 |
Strengthened Political International Governmental Organizations | p. 22 |
Increases in International Nongovernmental Contacts and Communication | p. 23 |
Visual Analysis 1.1. Lithograph of Uncle Sam and people from American Colonies | p. 24 |
Terms and Concepts | p. 25 |
Discussion Questions | p. 25 |
Internet Resources | p. 25 |
Ethnicity and Global Diversity | p. 26 |
Culture: The Definition of Humanity | p. 27 |
Culture Change | p. 28 |
Cultures, Subcultures, and Other Cultural Classifications | p. 30 |
Ethnic Groups | p. 30 |
Indigenous Peoples | p. 31 |
Immigration | p. 32 |
Races | p. 33 |
Sex | p. 35 |
Gender | p. 35 |
Religions | p. 36 |
Classes | p. 37 |
Reactions to Diversity | p. 38 |
Ethnocentrism | p. 38 |
Cultural Relativity | p. 38 |
Racism and Sexism | p. 39 |
Human Rights | p. 40 |
Case Study: Female Genital Cutting | p. 40 |
Ethnocentrism | p. 44 |
Gender/Sex | p. 44 |
Human Rights | p. 45 |
Visual Analysis 2.1. World Day against Female Circumcision | p. 46 |
Terms and Concepts | p. 47 |
Discussion Questions | p. 47 |
Internet Resources | p. 47 |
Perspectives on Ethnicity and Global Diversity | p. 48 |
Global Primacy | p. 49 |
Assimilation and Acculturation | p. 50 |
Syncretism | p. 51 |
State Primacy | p. 51 |
Patriotism | p. 51 |
Paternalism | p. 52 |
Critiques from the Global Primacy Perspective | p. 52 |
Cultural Primacy | p. 53 |
Diversity Within States | p. 54 |
Diversity Between States | p. 55 |
Critiques from the Global Primacy and State Primacy Perspectives | p. 56 |
Synthesis | p. 57 |
Case Study: Nunavut | p. 57 |
Foraging Cultures | p. 58 |
Changes | p. 58 |
Inuit Nationalism | p. 60 |
The Territory of Nunavut | p. 61 |
Analysis | p. 63 |
Perspectives Applied to Nunavut | p. 64 |
A View from the Global Primacy Perspective | p. 64 |
A View from the State Primacy Perspective | p. 65 |
A View from the Cultural Primacy Perspective | p. 66 |
Visual Analysis 3.1. Contemporary Life in Nunavut | p. 68 |
Terms and Concepts | p. 69 |
Discussion Questions | p. 69 |
Internet Resources | p. 69 |
Economic Development | p. 70 |
Defining the Issue | p. 71 |
Underdevelopment: A Vicious Cycle | p. 74 |
Dual Economy | p. 74 |
Low Productivity | p. 75 |
Insufficient Capital | p. 76 |
Lack of Human Services | p. 76 |
The Colonial Legacy | p. 78 |
Outside Interventions | p. 79 |
Trade | p. 79 |
Aid | p. 80 |
Private Investment | p. 81 |
Technical Assistance | p. 81 |
Contributing Factors | p. 82 |
Insufficient Natural Resources | p. 82 |
Explosive Population Growth | p. 82 |
Lack of Social Cohesion and Wars | p. 85 |
Corruption | p. 86 |
Case Study: Namibia as a Developing Country | p. 87 |
Political and Social Factors | p. 88 |
Interrelated, Structural Economic Factors | p. 89 |
External Sources of Capital | p. 91 |
Visual Analysis 4.1. School girls in Namibia | p. 93 |
Terms and Concepts | p. 94 |
Discussion Questions | p. 94 |
Internet Resources | p. 94 |
Perspectives on Economic Development | p. 95 |
Liberal Economics | p. 95 |
Comparative Advantage | p. 96 |
Policies Needed | p. 97 |
Dependency | p. 98 |
Structural Inequality-Neocolonialism | p. 98 |
Government Intervention | p. 99 |
International Economic System | p. 100 |
Critique from the Liberal Economics Perspective | p. 102 |
Participatory Development | p. 103 |
Local Decision Making | p. 103 |
Available Technology | p. 104 |
Environmental Compatibility | p. 104 |
Critiques from the Liberal Economics and Dependency Perspectives | p. 105 |
Case Study: Microcredit and Microfinance | p. 106 |
Grameen Bank | p. 107 |
The Three Economic Perspectives Applied to the Case Study | p. 109 |
A View from the Liberal Economics Perspective | p. 110 |
A View from the Dependency Perspective | p. 110 |
A View from the Participatory Development Perspective | p. 111 |
Visual Analysis 5.1. Obtaining Water in Sri Lanka | p. 112 |
Terms and Concepts | p. 113 |
Discussion Questions | p. 113 |
Internet Resources | p. 113 |
Global Health | p. 115 |
Ecosystems: The Nature of Environment | p. 115 |
Interrelationship of Environmental Systems | p. 116 |
Threats to Critical Resources | p. 117 |
Air | p. 117 |
Water | p. 121 |
Land | p. 123 |
Plants and Animals | p. 125 |
Resources in Balance | p. 128 |
Human Health | p. 128 |
Diseases | p. 129 |
Health Care | p. 130 |
Malnutrition | p. 131 |
Case Study: Brazil and the Tropical Rain Forest | p. 132 |
Amazonian Environment | p. 133 |
Economic Uses of the Amazon | p. 134 |
Indigenous Peoples | p. 136 |
Analysis | p. 138 |
Visual Analysis 6.1. Cattle Farming in the Amazon | p. 139 |
Terms and Concepts | p. 140 |
Discussion Questions | p. 140 |
Internet Resources | p. 140 |
Perspectives on Global Health | p. 141 |
High-Technology Perspective | p. 142 |
Shared-Technology Perspective | p. 144 |
Critique from the High-Technology Perspective | p. 145 |
Appropriate-Technology Perspective | p. 146 |
Critiques from the High-Technology and Shared-Technology Perspectives | p. 148 |
Case Study: Pandemics | p. 149 |
Perils in a Global Ecosystem | p. 150 |
Influenza Pandemics | p. 151 |
Analysis | p. 155 |
Perspectives on Pandemics | p. 156 |
A View from the High-Technology Perspective | p. 156 |
A View from the Shared-Technology Perspective | p. 158 |
A View from the Appropriate-Technology Perspective | p. 159 |
Visual Analysis 7.1. Spanish Flu | p. 161 |
Terms and Concepts | p. 162 |
Discussion Questions | p. 162 |
Internet Resources | p. 162 |
Peace and War | p. 163 |
Anarchic Nature of the International System | p. 165 |
Sovereignty | p. 165 |
International Anarchy | p. 166 |
Power | p. 167 |
Effects of Globalization | p. 167 |
Model of Peace and War | p. 169 |
War Strategies | p. 170 |
Balance of Power Strategies | p. 174 |
International-Rule-of-Law Strategies | p. 178 |
Case Study: Afghanistan and Iraq Wars | p. 182 |
Visual Analysis 8.1. Afghan man meets a foreigner | p. 186 |
Terms and Concepts | p. 187 |
Discussion Questions | p. 187 |
Internet Resources | p. 187 |
Perspectives on Peace and War | p. 189 |
State Sovereignty | p. 190 |
Deterrence and Military Power Paradoxes | p. 191 |
World Order | p. 191 |
One World | p. 192 |
Functional Interdependence | p. 192 |
U.S. Leadership | p. 193 |
World Government | p. 193 |
Critique from the State Sovereignty Perspective | p. 194 |
Ethnic Autonomy | p. 194 |
Critiques from the State Sovereignty and World Order Perspectives | p. 196 |
Case Study: The War in Bosnia | p. 196 |
A Tangle of Participants | p. 197 |
Groups within Bosnia | p. 198 |
The Balkan States | p. 199 |
International Actors | p. 201 |
The Dayton Accord | p. 203 |
Analysis | p. 206 |
Peace and War Perspectives Applied to the War in Bosnia | p. 206 |
A View from the State Sovereignty Perspective | p. 208 |
A View from the World Order Perspective | p. 209 |
A View from the Ethnic Autonomy Perspective | p. 210 |
Visual Analysis 9.1. Bosnian woman | p. 212 |
Terms and Concepts | p. 213 |
Discussion Questions | p. 213 |
Internet Resources | p. 213 |
Glossary | p. 214 |
References Cited | p. 223 |
Credits | p. 231 |
Index | p. 232 |
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