Great Ideas in Psychology A Cultural and Historical Introduction,9781851683796

Great Ideas in Psychology A Cultural and Historical Introduction

by
ISBN13: 9781851683796
ISBN10: 1851683798
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2005-06-01
Publisher(s): Oneworld Publications
List Price: $42.00

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Summary

This book focuses on the key ideas of the most important modern psychologists.ineteen classic "great ideas" in psychology are critically assessed inheir cultural and historical context, with topics ranging from neuroscienceo personality, development to socio-cultural issues. The simple narrativetyle and chapter structure, combined with "critical thinking questions" and shortlist of essential readings for further study at the end of eachhapter, provides an ideal approach for anyone interested in learning abouthe key ideas and theories in psychology.

Author Biography

Fathali Moghaddam is Professor of Psychology at Georgetown University, Washington.

Table of Contents

Preface xi
1 INTRODUCTION: WORKING OUT AND WORKING IN
1(12)
What makes an idea great?
2(5)
Great ideas and orientations in psychology
7(6)
2 THE PSYCHOLOGY LABORATORY
13(15)
The laboratory becomes central to psychology
14(6)
Critically assessing the psychology laboratory
20(8)
3 THE PLACEBO EFFECT
28(14)
Historical context
29(2)
Factors to consider in testing for the placebo effect
31(3)
Meaning and the active placebo
34(3)
Complicating factors
37(5)
4 THE FREUDIAN UNCONSCIOUS
42(21)
Early history of the unconscious
43(5)
The Freudian unconscious
48(6)
The unconscious assessed
54(9)
5 LONG-TERM POTENTIATION
63(14)
Mind and body
64(1)
Pioneering ideas
65(3)
Pioneering experimental research
68(3)
Debate over long-term potentiation
71(6)
6 LEARNING
77(18)
The law of effect and classical conditioning
81(4)
The American context and instrumental learning
85(4)
The decline of behaviorism and the rise of cognitive science
89(6)
7 INTELLIGENCE TESTS
95(17)
Why are intelligence tests important?
97(2)
What are the contributions of nature and nurture to intelligence?
99(5)
Is there one or multiple types of intelligence?
104(4)
At what age, if ever, does intelligence become fixed?
108(4)
8 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
112(19)
The context of artificial intelligence
114(8)
The long debate and artificial intelligence
122(9)
9 STAGE MODELS OF DEVELOPMENT
131(19)
The major stage models
132(7)
Core assumptions
139(11)
10 THE ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT 150(12)
Assumptions of the traditional approach
152(2)
A Vygotskian approach to child development
154(8)
11 ATTACHMENT 162(16)
The historical context of the idea
163(4)
Bowlby's four-phase model
167(3)
Variations on the attachment theme
170(8)
12 DISPLACED AGGRESSION 178(16)
The idea of displaced aggression in wider context
180(2)
Displaced aggression and Freud's inter-group psychology
182(7)
Re-thinking the assumed association between frustration and aggression
189(5)
13 PERSONALITY TRAITS 194(19)
Historical background to modern trait theory
195(2)
Category 1. Methodological dilemmas
197(8)
Category 2. Conceptual dilemmas
205(8)
14 THE SELF 213(17)
The sense of self
216(3)
Self-perception
219(3)
Self-presentation
222(8)
15 CONFORMITY TO GROUP NORMS 230(15)
Conformity to arbitrary norms
232(5)
Power, norms, and conformity
237(8)
16 OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY 245(16)
The historical and cultural context leading to psychological research on obedience
247(3)
The experimental study of obedience
250(3)
Why are Milgram's obedience studies important?
253(3)
Lessons from psychological research on obedience
256(5)
17 FEMINIST PSYCHOLOGY 261(19)
The cultural and historical context
262(5)
Discovering and interpreting gender differences
267(13)
18 MULTICULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 280(15)
Multicultural psychology and identity
282(1)
Assimilation and identity
283(6)
Multiculturalism and identity
289(6)
19 EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 295(18)
The historical context of Darwin's evolutionary theory
297(5)
Genetics and evolutionary psychology
302(4)
Genes as causes of behavior
306(7)
20 SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM 313
The turn away from positivism and an example of recent research
316(4)
Social constructionism and trends in modern psychology
320(3)
The main implications of social constructionism
323

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