Preface |
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xix | |
For Everyone |
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xix | |
For Course Instructors |
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xx | |
For Students |
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xxi | |
For Professionals |
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xxi | |
For All of You Who Have Helped Me |
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xxii | |
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1 | (6) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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A Historical Perspective on Lemonade |
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3 | (1) |
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The Implications of Lemonade |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
Module I. What Genes Are |
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7 | (186) |
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9 | (20) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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Life in the Big Cell: Intracellular Processes |
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12 | (6) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (3) |
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Cell Talk: How Cells Communicate |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (8) |
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19 | (2) |
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Cell Talk Between Nerve Cells: Neuronal Transmission |
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21 | (2) |
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Cell Talk Between Nerve Cells: The Results of the Message |
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23 | (2) |
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Neurotransmitters, Receptors, and Genes |
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25 | (2) |
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Three Disclaimers About the Nervous System |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (22) |
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29 | (1) |
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Physical Structure of DNA |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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The Genetic Code: A General Perspective |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (7) |
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Proteins and Enzymes Revisited |
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37 | (2) |
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Protein Synthesis: The Process |
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39 | (5) |
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Hemoglobin: An Example of the Genetic Code and Its Organization |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (4) |
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50 | (1) |
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Epigenesis and Genetic Regulation |
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51 | (16) |
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51 | (1) |
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Lyonization: X-Chromosome Inactivation |
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52 | (1) |
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Differential RNA Splicing |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (6) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Transcriptional Control and Behavior: Stress, Anxiety, and Genes |
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57 | (3) |
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60 | (3) |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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Mendelian Traits and Behavior |
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67 | (26) |
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67 | (3) |
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67 | (2) |
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Relationship Between Genotypes and Phenotypes |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (4) |
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Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia |
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74 | (4) |
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Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Alcohol Use, and Alcohol Abuse |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (4) |
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84 | (3) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (4) |
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DCG: Disorders With Complex Genetics |
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93 | (16) |
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Introduction: Complex Genetic Disorders and Disorders With Complex Genetics |
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93 | (1) |
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Alzheimer's Disease: A Model DCG |
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94 | (10) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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AD: Genetics of Familial Alzheimer's Disease |
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96 | (2) |
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AD: The Apolipoprotein E Locus |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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Multifactorial Transmission: Genetics |
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100 | (2) |
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Multifactorial Transmission: Environmental Factors |
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102 | (1) |
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The Multifactorial Threshold Model |
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102 | (2) |
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Overall Perspective of DCG |
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104 | (2) |
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The Final Lesson for DCG: Genetics Is a Tool, Not a Goal |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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The New Genetics: Techniques for DNA Analysis |
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109 | (22) |
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109 | (1) |
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Basic Tools and Techniques |
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110 | (3) |
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Basic Tools: Electrophoresis |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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Basic Tools: Probes and Primers |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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Basic Tools: Restriction Enzymes |
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112 | (1) |
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Basic Tools: The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (6) |
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Polymorphisms 1: Blood Groups |
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113 | (1) |
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Polymorphisms 2: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) |
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114 | (3) |
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Polymorphisms 3: Tandem Repeat Polymorphisms |
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117 | (1) |
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Polymorphisms 4: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) |
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118 | (1) |
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Polymorphisms 5: Gene Sequencing |
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118 | (1) |
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Other Molecular Techniques |
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119 | (2) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Finding the Gene for a Trait |
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121 | (1) |
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Advanced Topics: How the Human Genome Was Sequenced |
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121 | (8) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Chromosomes and Chromosomal Anomalies |
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131 | (16) |
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Introduction and a Historical Curiosity |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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The Nomenclature of Chromosomes |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (7) |
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134 | (3) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (2) |
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Chromosomal Microdeletions |
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141 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (3) |
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147 | (14) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Mendel's Laws: Segregation |
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149 | (2) |
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Mendel's Laws: Independent Assortment |
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151 | (2) |
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Mendel's Laws: Exceptions |
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153 | (1) |
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Application of Mendel's Laws: The Punnett Rectangle |
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153 | (7) |
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The Punnett Rectangle: An Example |
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154 | (2) |
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The Punnett Rectangle: A Two-Locus Example |
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156 | (2) |
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The Punnett Rectangle: X-Linked Loci |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (20) |
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Introduction: Thomas Hunt Morgan |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (5) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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The Recombination Fraction (θ) |
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165 | (2) |
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The Probability of Gametes and Offspring Under Linkage |
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167 | (2) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (5) |
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Introduction to the Logic Behind Linkage Analysis |
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169 | (5) |
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Some Further Issues in Linkage Analysis |
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174 | (3) |
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Disease Genes and Marker Genes |
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174 | (1) |
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Linkage: Mendelian Disorders Versus DCG |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Linkage in a Single Pedigree |
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175 | (1) |
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Linkage: Parametric and Nonparametric Techniques |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (12) |
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Introduction: Use of the Association Design |
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181 | (2) |
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181 | (1) |
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Association and Genes of Theoretical Interest |
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182 | (1) |
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Association Studies: Two Major Designs |
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183 | (6) |
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Population-Based Association Designs |
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183 | (1) |
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Population Stratification |
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184 | (1) |
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Family-Based Association Designs |
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185 | (1) |
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Genetic Relatives as Controls |
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186 | (1) |
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Transmission Disequilibrium |
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187 | (2) |
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Advantages and Disadvantages of the Association Study |
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189 | (2) |
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The Problem of Linkage Disequilibrium |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
Module II. Evolution and Evolutionary Psychology |
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193 | (80) |
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Introduction to Module II: Evolution |
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195 | (6) |
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195 | (2) |
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Description, Etiology, and Evaluation |
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197 | (2) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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The Five Forces Behind Human Evolution |
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201 | (24) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (5) |
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The Three Modes of Natural Selection |
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203 | (3) |
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The Effects of Natural Selection |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (2) |
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Population Mating Structure (aka Population Structure) |
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211 | (4) |
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Behavioral Effects on Population Mating Structure |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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The Five Forces: Integration |
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216 | (2) |
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Common Mistakes in Evolutionary Thinking |
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218 | (5) |
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218 | (1) |
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Evolution Works for the Good of the Species |
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219 | (1) |
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Natural Selection Explains Everything |
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219 | (2) |
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Evolution and Optimization |
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221 | (1) |
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Confusing Relative With Absolute Fitness |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (16) |
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225 | (6) |
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225 | (2) |
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Theories of Recent Human Evolution |
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227 | (2) |
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Human Evolution Into the Historical Era |
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229 | (2) |
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231 | (3) |
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Genetic Differences Among Human Populations |
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234 | (3) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (3) |
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Introduction to Evolutionary Psychology |
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241 | (16) |
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241 | (1) |
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Social Organization, Aggression, and Mating of Three Great Apes |
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242 | (4) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (1) |
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Are Human Social Organization and Mating Biologically Constrained? |
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246 | (3) |
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How Are Humans Different From Other Apes? |
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249 | (1) |
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Questions About Human Behavior |
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250 | (5) |
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Why Are There Human Societies in the First Place? |
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251 | (1) |
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Why Are Small Children Cute? |
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251 | (1) |
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Why Go Through Childbirth? |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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Why Have Sex With Other People? |
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254 | (1) |
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Why Don't We Just Smell Other Humans? |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Principles of Evolutionary Psychology |
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257 | (16) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (5) |
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261 | (2) |
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Inclusive Fitness and Kin Selection |
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263 | (2) |
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Reciprocity and Cooperation |
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265 | (3) |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (1) |
Module III. Behavioral Genetics of Individual Differences |
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273 | (206) |
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Introduction to Module III---Individual Differences |
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275 | (10) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (8) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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The Variance and Standard Deviation |
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277 | (2) |
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The Correlation Coefficient |
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279 | (5) |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Quantitative Genetics I: Important Concepts |
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285 | (26) |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (3) |
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Continuous Variation and a Single Locus |
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286 | (2) |
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Continuous Variation and Multiple Loci |
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288 | (1) |
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Important Quantitative Concepts |
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289 | (8) |
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289 | (1) |
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Heritability and Environmentability |
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289 | (2) |
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Genetic Correlations and Environmental Correlations |
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291 | (1) |
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Gene-Environment Interaction |
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292 | (1) |
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An Example of Gene-Environment Interaction |
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293 | (1) |
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How Important Is Gene-Environment Interaction? |
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294 | (1) |
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Gene-Environment Correlation |
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295 | (1) |
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How Important Is GE Correlation? |
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296 | (1) |
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The Twin and Adoption Methods |
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297 | (6) |
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297 | (1) |
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The Twin Method: Rationale |
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297 | (1) |
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The Twin Method: Assumptions |
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298 | (3) |
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The Adoption Method: Rationale |
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301 | (1) |
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The Adoption Method: Assumptions |
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301 | (2) |
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303 | (1) |
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Comments on Heritability and Environmentability Estimation |
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304 | (3) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (3) |
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Quantitative Genetics II: Estimation and Testing |
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311 | (26) |
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311 | (1) |
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Estimating Heritability and Environmentability: A Quantitative Model |
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311 | (11) |
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312 | (1) |
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The Two Central Equations of the Model and How to Write Them |
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313 | (2) |
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315 | (5) |
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320 | (2) |
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A Second Mathematical Model |
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322 | (4) |
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322 | (1) |
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The Two Central Equations for This Model (and How They Relate to the Previous Model) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (1) |
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Estimating Genetic Correlations and Environmental Correlations |
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326 | (5) |
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327 | (4) |
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Testing Estimates of Heritability, Environmentability, and Genetic and Environmental Correlations |
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331 | (3) |
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332 | (2) |
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An Overall Perspective on Estimation and Testing |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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335 | (2) |
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Genes, IQ Scores, and Social Status I: The Phenotype of IQ |
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337 | (16) |
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337 | (1) |
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The History of the Psychological Construct of Intelligence |
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338 | (3) |
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Contemporary Intelligence Tests |
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341 | (7) |
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Items on Intelligence Tests: Content Validity |
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341 | (3) |
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Correlates of IQ Scores: Construct Validity |
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344 | (2) |
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Reliability and Stability of IQ Scores |
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346 | (2) |
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Intelligence and Intelligences |
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348 | (2) |
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Conclusions About IQ Scores |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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Genes, IQ Scores, and Social Status II: Genetic Epidemiology |
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353 | (34) |
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353 | (1) |
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Genes and IQ Scores: Genetic Epidemiology |
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353 | (9) |
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Kinship Correlations From Older Studies |
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353 | (2) |
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Kinship Correlations for New Studies |
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355 | (1) |
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The Flynn Effect: A Shared Family Environment Influence on IQ |
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356 | (1) |
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Genes, g, and Multiple Intelligences |
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357 | (3) |
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Genes and the Development of IQ |
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360 | (2) |
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Social Status: The Phenotype |
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362 | (1) |
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Social Status: Genetic Epidemiology |
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363 | (3) |
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Genes, IQ Scores, and Social Status: The Question of ``How'' |
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366 | (13) |
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366 | (5) |
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A Complete View: Emerging Patterns in a Puzzle |
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371 | (7) |
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A Complete View: Areas of Uncertainty |
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378 | (1) |
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Genes, IQ Scores, and Social Policy |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (5) |
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387 | (26) |
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Personality: The Phenotype and Its Measurement |
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387 | (2) |
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The Organization of Adult Personality |
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389 | (2) |
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Genetics of Adult Personality Traits |
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391 | (13) |
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391 | (5) |
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The Loehlin and Nichols Observations |
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396 | (1) |
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Sex Differences in the Heritability of Personality |
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397 | (1) |
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Continuity and Change in Adult Personality |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (4) |
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402 | (2) |
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What Happened to the Family Environment? |
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404 | (1) |
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Development and Personality |
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405 | (4) |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (3) |
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413 | (18) |
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413 | (1) |
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Schizophrenia: The Phenotype |
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413 | (2) |
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Genetic Epidemiology of Schizophrenia I: Heritability |
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415 | (2) |
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Genetic Epidemiology of Schizophrenia II: Beyond Heritability |
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417 | (2) |
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The Multifactorial Threshold Model Revisited: Diathesis-Stress |
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419 | (4) |
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Diathesis-Stress and Lemonade |
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422 | (1) |
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Molecular Genetic Studies of Schizophrenia |
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423 | (3) |
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Other Forms of Psychopathology |
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426 | (2) |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (3) |
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Antisocial Behavior and Violence |
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431 | (48) |
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431 | (1) |
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Antisocial Behavior: The Phenotype |
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432 | (2) |
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432 | (1) |
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433 | (1) |
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Natural History of Antisocial Behavior |
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433 | (1) |
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434 | (6) |
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434 | (2) |
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436 | (3) |
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439 | (1) |
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439 | (1) |
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Genes and Antisocial Behavior: The How |
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440 | (12) |
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The Individual Differences Perspective |
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440 | (3) |
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ASB and Evolutionary Psychology: Homicide |
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443 | (1) |
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Why Don't Genetic Relatives Kill One Another? |
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444 | (1) |
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Why Don't Children Kill One Another? |
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445 | (1) |
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Why Males as Victims and Perpetrators? |
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446 | (1) |
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Homicide: An Evolutionary Perspective |
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447 | (1) |
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The How: Molecular Genetics |
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448 | (1) |
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The Most Replicable Genetic Association in Psychiatry and Psychology |
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448 | (2) |
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Is This Association ``Spurious''? |
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450 | (2) |
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452 | (1) |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (25) |
Author Index |
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479 | (10) |
Subject Index |
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489 | (18) |
About the Author |
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507 | |