Interviewing and Interrogation The Discovery of Truth

by Gilbert, Steve

Edition: 1st

ISBN13: 9780534197032

ISBN10: 0534197035

Format: Paperback

Pub. Date: 2003-11-11

Publisher(s): Cengage Learning

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Summary

This text looks at the various strategies and techniques of interviewing and interrogating witnesses, victims and suspects. Topics include: types of interviews, crime scene considerations, deciding to interrogate, The Right To Remain Silent, interrogation techniques, interrogation props, defensive measures, recording the confession, etc. Gilbert takes a unique "offender-based" strategy that focuses on the offender and the witness type in order to create a more successful process. Rather than strictly examining the practicalities, including interrogation setting, demeanor or plan, Gilbert focuses on the "why" of offender confessions and witness communication.

Initial Considerations

(4)

Introduction

(1)

Short-term Observations

(1)

Long-term Observations

(1)

The Impact of Sex

(1)

The Impact of Race

(1)

The Impact of Nationality

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Ethical Considerations in Interviews and Interrogations

(6)

Introduction

(1)

The Need for Ethics

(1)

When, How and Why to Lie

(1)

Making Deals

(1)

Only Good Can Come From This

(1)

Violating Privileges Communications

(1)

Posting as Clergy

(1)

Posing as an Attorney

(1)

Promises

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Interviewing The Victim

(18)

Introduction

(1)

Judging the Victim

(4)

Three-Step Interview

(2)

Step One: Have the victim report the entire incident without interruption or questions

(1)

Step Two: Take detailed notes

(1)

Step Three: Have the victim verify random portions of the statement

(1)

Supporting the Victim

(1)

Interviewing the Victim

(4)

Narrative Style

(1)

Narrative with Questions and Answers Style

(1)

Question and Answer Style

(1)

Investigative Report

(1)

Special Considerations

(5)

Sexual Assault Victims

(2)

Child Victims

(1)

Violent Crime Victims

(2)

Non-violent Crime Victims

(1)

Chapter Summary

(2)

Interviewing the Witness

(5)

Introduction

(1)

Questioning the Witness

(1)

The Cognitive Interview Technique

(1)

Reconstruct the Event

(1)

Have the Witness Report All Details of the Event

(1)

Have the witness Describe what Occurred in a Different Order

(1)

Change Perspectives

(1)

Suspect Identification

(1)

Composite Kits

(1)

The Police Artist

(1)

Chapter Summary

(2)

The Right To Remain Silent

(7)

Introduction

(1)

Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)

(1)

Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478 (1964)

(1)

Ashcroft v. Tennessee, 322 U.S. 143 (1944)

(1)

Spano v. New York, 360 U.S. 315, 327, 79 S.Ct. 1202, 1209

(1)

Brown v. Mississippi, 297 U.S. 278 (1936)

(1)

Illinois v. Perkins, (1990)] 496 U.S. 292, 110 L.Ed.2d 243 110 S.Ct. 2394

(1)

Davis v. United States, (92-1949), 512 U.S. 452 (1994)

(1)

Providing the Rights Warning

(1)

Stressing the Importance of the Warning

(1)

Downplaying the Importance of the Warning

(1)

The Rights Warning Process

(1)

Juvenile Rights Advisal

(1)

Chapter Summary

(2)

Preparing for the Interrogation

(10)

Introduction

(1)

Before the Interrogation -- The Setting

(6)

Crime Scene Reports

(1)

Crime Scene Photography

(1)

Crime Scene Sketches

(1)

Statements

(1)

Ancillary Documents

(1)

Building Rapport

(1)

The Interrogation

(2)

Unacceptable Coercion

(1)

Displaying Weapon

(1)

Posing as Clergy

(1)

Withholding Legal Counsel

(1)

Physical Mistreatment

(1)

Chapter Summary

(2)

Interrogation Techniques

(18)

Introduction to interrogation techniques

(1)

Techniques

(15)

How investigations work

(1)

Mistake

(1)

Lies

(1)

Switching the Blame

(1)

Downplaying the offense

(1)

Logic

(1)

Overwhelming Evidence

(1)

Sympathy

(1)

Bragging

(1)

Guilt

(1)

Silence

(2)

Props

(2)

Necessity

(2)

Indifference

Religion

(1)

Repetitive Statements

(1)

``Third Degree Tactics''

(1)

Tandem Interviewers

(1)

Recommended Punishment

(1)

Mirroring

(1)

Choices

(1)

Concluding the interrogation

(1)

Chapter summary

(2)

Who They Are and Why They Talk

(15)

Interrogation strategies for offender types

(1)

Sexual Offenders

(4)

Stranger-rapist

(1)

Acquaintance rapist

(1)

Pedophiles

(3)

Property Crime Offenders

(5)

Thieves

(1)

Burglars

(1)

Arsonists

(1)

Excitement Seeking Arsonists

(1)

Sexually Motivated Arsonists

(1)

Professional Arsonists

(1)

Amateur Arsonists

(1)

Vandals

(1)

Economic Crime Criminals

(1)

Persons' Crime Offenders

(3)

Robbers

(1)

Murderers

(1)

Premeditated Murder

(1)

Voluntary Manslaughter

(1)

Involuntary Manslaughter

(1)

Justifiable Homicide

(1)

Drug Offenders

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Physical and Verbal Indicators of Truth and Deception

(14)

Introduction

(1)

Natural Versus Defensive Behaviors

(1)

Physical Indicators of Truthfulness

(2)

The Initial Meeting

(1)

Eye Contact

(1)

Posturing

(1)

Demeanor

(1)

Gesturing

(1)

The Desire to Leave

(1)

Physical Indicators of Deception

(5)

The Initial Meeting

(1)

Eye Contact

(1)

Posturing

(1)

Crossed Arms

(1)

Leaning Away

(1)

Crossed Lgs

(1)

Where the Foot Points

(1)

Covering the Face

(1)

Coughing

(1)

Laughing

(1)

Fixing the Hair

(1)

Repositioning the Chair

(1)

Nervousness

(1)

Unrealistic Distractions

(1)

Verbal Indicators of Truthfulness

(1)

Responsiveness

(1)

Realistic References

(1)

Verbal indicators of Deception

(3)

Unrealistic References

(1)

Dead Relatives

(1)

A Higher Power

(1)

Parental Upbringing

(1)

First Person Reference

(1)

Asking for Repetitions

(1)

Repeating the Question

(1)

Qualified Denials

(1)

Unreasonable Explanations

(1)

Overly Helpful

(1)

Overly Polite

(1)

When Deception Becomes Truth

(1)

Chapter Summary

(2)

Documenting the Confession

(5)

Introduction

(1)

The Unwritten Statement

(1)

The Written Statement

(1)

Reviewing and Editing the Written Statement

100

(1)

Videotaped Confessions

101

(1)

The Claim of Coercion

101

(1)

Chapter Summary

101

(2)

False Confessions

103

(4)

Introduction

103

(1)

Why False Confession Happen

103

(1)

Categories of False Confessions

104

(2)

Voluntary False Confessions

104

(1)

Stress-compliant False Confessions

105

(1)

Coerced-compliant False Confessions

105

(1)

Coerced-persuaded False Confessions

105

(1)

Non-coerced-persuaded False Confession

106

(1)

Preventing False Confessions

106

(1)

Chapter Summary

106

(1)

Forensic Hypnosis

107

(6)

Introduction

107

(1)

``Forensic'' Hypnosis?

108

(1)

Phenomenon

108

(1)

Greater Suggestibility

108

(1)

Post-Hypnotic Amnesia

108

(1)

Confabulation

109

(1)

Time Distortion

109

(1)

Time Regression

109

(1)

Revivification

109

(1)

Myths

109

(2)

Hypnosis Will Produce the Needed Details

109

(1)

Mind Control

110

(1)

The Hypnotized Witness is Asleep

110

(1)

Being Stuck in a Trance

110

(1)

Revealing Secrets Under Hypnosis

110

(1)

Experiencing Spontaneous Flashbacks

110

(1)

Hypnosis is Harmful

110

(1)

Sodium Ambutol Will Get the Truth

110

(1)

Gadgets

110

(1)

The Forensic Hypnosis Interview

111

(1)

Team Concept

111

(1)

The Investigation

111

(1)

The Pre-Hypnotic Interview

112

(1)

The Hypnotist

112

(1)

The Setting

112

(1)

Sequence of Events

113

(1)

The Induction and Questioning

113

(1)

Chapter Summary

113

Appendix A

Sample Forms

Interviewing Worksheet

Rights Waiver Certificate

Interviewing and Interrogation The Discovery of Truth

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Summary

Table of Contents