Eric M. Eisenberg is Professor of Communication and since 2007 has served as Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of South Florida. Eisenberg graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Rutgers University in 1977 and received his doctorate in Organizational Communication from Michigan State University in 1982. Dr. Eisenberg twice received the National Communication Association award for the outstanding research publication in organizational communication, as well as the Burlington Foundation award for excellence in teaching. Dr. Eisenberg is the author of over 70 articles, chapters, and books on the subjects of organizational communication, health communication, and communication theory. As Dean of the largest college at USF—with nearly 600 faculty, 18,000 students, and a budget of nearly $100M-- Eisenberg has sharpened the focus of faculty work through the creation of 3 interdisciplinary schools, 11 interdisciplinary centers, and the identification of 5 areas of research excellence. Even in the most difficult of economic times, he has been successful in recruiting world class faculty talent. In addition, he has played a major role in the university’s strategic efforts to measurably improve student success through transformed pedagogy. Working closely with faculty, staff, and academic advisors, he has successfully applied a combination of policy and process changes, course redesign, and intrusive advising to significantly impact rates of progression, graduation, and employment.
Angela Trethewey is Professor of Communication and since 2014 has served as the Dean of the College of Communication and Education at California State University, Chico. Trethewey graduated, suma cum laude, from Chico State in 1988 and received her doctorate in communication, with a specialty in organizational communication, from Purdue University in 1994. Before returning to her Alma Mater to serve as Dean, she was on the faculty at University of Washington and later served as Professor and Director of the Hugh Downs School of Human Communication at Arizona State University. There, she was a founding and active member of the Project for Wellness and Work life and the Center for Strategic Communication. She has devoted her career to the study and teaching of communication, particularly as it impacts our individual, organizational and national identities. As a scholar, she is the author of thirty articles and book chapters and three books. As a leader, Trethewey routinely draws upon her training in organizational communication theory and critical research methods to help her analyze problems and opportunities, cultivate a culture of innovation, inclusion and participation, and foster the leadership potential of faculty and students.
Marianne LeGreco is Associate Professor of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. LeGreco graduated from Bradley University in 2000 where she competed for the national champion Bradley Speech Team. She received her Master’s and Doctorate from Arizona State University in 2002 and 2007, respectively. Dr. LeGreco is the 2013 recipient of the Service Engagement Award from the Organizational Communication Division of the National Communication Association. Her work focuses on food systems, discourse analysis, and community engagement, and her research has appeared in journals including the Journal of Applied Communication Research and the American Journal of Public Health. LeGreco has also played a key role in organizing the Guilford Food Council, the Mobile Oasis Farmers Market, and the Warnersville Urban Farm – all in an effort to promote vibrant local food communities. In both 2014 and 2015, she presented talks for TEDxGreensboro chronicling these experiences.
The late H. L. (Bud) Goodall, Jr. (PhD, Penn State) was Professor of Communication in the Hugh Downs School of Human Communication at Arizona State University, where he also served as a Senior Fellow in the Consortium for Strategic Communication and as an affiliated faculty member in the Center for the Study of Religion and Conflict. He was the author or coauthor of many books and articles on organizational and strategic communication, narrative, and ethnography, Counter-Narrative: How Academics Can Challenge Extremists and Promote Social Justice (Left Coast Press, 2010), and with Jeffry Halverson and Steven R. Corman, Master Narratives of Islamist Extremism (Palgrave/Macmillan, 2010). With coauthors Steven R. Corman and Angela Trethewey, their volume Weapons of Mass Persuasion: Strategic Communication to Combat Violent Extremism won the Best Book award from the Applied Communication Division of the National Communication Association in 2009, and his autoethnographic memoir, A Need to Know: The Clandestine History of a CIA Family won the Best Book award from the Ethnography Division of NCA in 2007. Goodall worked as an organizational consultant for over thirty years. His clients included high technology organizations, educational institutions, and U. S. military, intelligence, and diplomatic services. He was listed in Who’s Who in the Social Sciences and was the recipient of the Gerald M. Phillips lifetime achievement award in applied communication scholarship from the National Communication Association in 2003.
PART I APPROACHING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
CHAPTER 1 Communication and the Changing World of Work
THE INEVITABILITY OF CHANGE
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON ORGANIZING
Outsourcing
The Rise of the Global Company
Challenges of Managing a Multicultural Workforce
Global Economic Concerns
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? Religious Differences in the Classroom
Potential Abuses of Power in the Global Marketplace
EVERYDAY ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Globalization and You
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Transcending Space and Time
Contemplating Security Concerns
Understanding Urgent Organizations
Relying on Communication Networks
CHANGES IN THE MEANING OF WORK
The New Social Contract
Ethical Concerns
Quality-of-Life Issues
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? Organizational Structure and Employee Well-Being
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW AND DISCUSSION
KEY TERMS
CASE STUDY: THE CASE OF THE “ITALIAN” SHOES
CHAPTER 2 Defining Organizational Communication
THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION DEFINITIONS AND APPROACHES
APPROACHES TO ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Communication as Information Transfer
Communication as Transactional Process
Communication as Strategic Control
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? It’s Not Personal, It’s Just Policy:
Organizational Ambiguity in Action
Communication as a Balance of Creativity and Constraint
EVERYDAY ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Online Networking Profiles: Balancing Creativity and Constraint
ORGANIZATIONS AS DIALOGUES
Dialogue and the Situated Individual
Definitions of Dialogue
Dialogue as Mindful Communication
Dialogue as Equitable Transaction
Dialogue as Empathic Conversation
Dialogue as Real Meeting
INTEGRITY AND ETHICS IN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW AND DISCUSSION
KEY TERMS
CASE STUDY: THE MANY ROBERT SMITHS
PART II THEORIES OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
CHAPTER 3 Three Early Perspectives on Organizations and Communication
WHY THEORY?
Theories Are Partial
Theories Are Partisan
Theories Are Problematic
CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
From Empire to Hierarchy
From Resistance to Domination
The Industrial Revolution
Scientific Management
Fayol’s Classical Management
EVERYDAY ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Scientific Management at the Gym
Bureaucracy
Implications for Organizational Communication
THE HUMAN RELATIONS APPROACH
Historical and Cultural Background
What Is Human Relations?
The Hawthorne Studies
Reflections on Human Relations
THE HUMAN RESOURCES APPROACH
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
McGregor’s Theory Y Management
Likert’s Principle of Supportive Relationships
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? Managing the Kitchen
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW AND DISCUSSION
KEY TERMS
CASE STUDY: RIVERSIDE STATE HOSPITAL
CHAPTER 4 The Systems Perspective on Organizations and Communication
THE SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE
The Origins of Systems Theory in the Sciences
Biology and General Systems Theory
From Biology to Organizational Communication
WHAT IS A SYSTEM?
Environment and Open Systems
Interdependence
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? Locavores, Sustainability, and Systems
Goals
Processes and Feedback
Openness, Order, and Contingency
THE APPEAL OF SYSTEMS THEORY FOR ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Peter Senge’s Learning Organization
Karl Weick’s Sense-Making Model
Retrospective Sense Making
EVERYDAY ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION Making Sense of Your Equivocal
Past
Loose Coupling
Partial Inclusion
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW AND DISCUSSION
KEY TERMS
CASE STUDY: CRISIS IN THE ZION EMERGENCY ROOM
CHAPTER 5 Cultural Studies of Organizations and Communication
THE CULTURAL APPROACH
Cultures as Symbolic Constructions
Cultural Elements
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND
Competitive Pressures
Interpretive Methodology
Social Trends
THREE VIEWS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
The Practical View
The Interpretive View
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? “Shooting” Employees with Motivation
Critical and Postmodern Views
Integration
Differentiation
Fragmentation
SOCIALIZATION: INTEGRATING NEW MEMBERS INTO ORGANIZATIONAL
CULTURES
EVERYDAY ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION College Radio and Community
Socialization
Anticipatory Socialization
Organizational Assimilation
Socialization and High-Reliability Organizations
Socialization and Technology
A COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVE ON ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW AND DISCUSSION
KEY TERMS
CASE STUDY I: STUDYING THE CULTURE OF MEETINGS
CASE STUDY II: CULTURAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF GENDER AND SEXUALITY IN
COLLEGE FRATERNITIES AND SORORITIES
CHAPTER 6 Critical Approaches to Organizations and Communication
CRITICAL THEORY
Historical and Cultural Background
The Rise of Critical Theorizing in the United States
The Centrality of Power
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? The (Im)possibilities of a Living Wage
POWER AND IDEOLOGY
EVERYDAY ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Gender, Ideology, and Power in Career Paths
The Hidden Power of Culture: Myths, Stories, and Metaphors
The Hidden Power of Legitimation: Manufactured Consent and Concertive Control
DISCOURSE AND DISCIPLINE
The Hidden Power of Knowledge: Surveillance, the Panopticon, and Disciplinary Power
The Technological Panopticon
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? Unintentional Surveillance?
RECENT TRENDS IN CRITICAL ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION SCHOLARSHIP
Healthy Organizations
Resistance: Challenging Organizational Power and Control 177
The Role of the Critical Theorist
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW AND DISCUSSION
KEY TERMS
CASE STUDY I: RISKY BUSINESS: CONSENT, SAFETY, AND FIREFIGHTER
CULTURE
CASE STUDY II: RACING THROUGH THE HURRICANE OF AIRPORT SECURITY:
ORGANIZATIONAL METAPHORS AND STANDING IN LINE
PART III CONTEXTS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
CHAPTER 7 Identity and Difference in Organizational Life
THE HISTORY OF IDENTITY IN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION 194
IDENTITY AND DIFFERENCE AS ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICES AND
PERFORMANCES
Identity Regulation
Identity Work
Self-Doubter
Struggler
Surfer
Storyteller
Strategist
Stencil
Soldier
IDENTITY AND DIFFERENCE AS FIXED ASPECTS OF THE SELF 206
EVERYDAY ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION Images of Identity: Making Sense
of Yourself in College
IDENTITY AND DIFFERENCE AS ORGANIZATIONAL FEATURES THAT INFLUENCE
MEMBERS
IDENTITY AND DIFFERENCE AS POPULAR CULTURE NARRATIVES
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? The Secret Identity of an English Professor
COMMUNICATING IDENTITY AND DIFFERENCE
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW AND DISCUSSION
KEY TERMS
CASE STUDY: VALUING IDENTITIES ACROSS FIVE GENERATIONS
CHAPTER 8 Teams and Networks: Communication and Collaborative Work
DEMOCRACY IN THE WORKPLACE
COMMUNICATING IN TEAMS
Types of Teams
Project Teams
Work Teams
Quality-Improvement Teams
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? The Dilemmas of Participative Management at a University
Virtual Teams
Communicative Dimensions of Teamwork
Roles
Norms
Decision-Making Processes
Management of Conflict and Consensus
Cultural Diversity in Teams
Team Learning
A Retreat from Teams?
Positive Collaboration
COMMUNICATING IN NETWORKS
Small-Group Communication Networks
Emergent Communication Networks
Analyses of Communication Networks
Patterns of Interaction
Communication Network Roles
EVERYDAY ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Networking on Campus: Communication, Identity, and Empowerment
Content of Communication Networks
Interorganizational Communication Networks
The Digital Networked Society
CREATIVITY AND CONSTRAINT IN TEAMS AND NETWORKS
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW AND DISCUSSION
KEY TERMS
CASE STUDY I: SPELLMAN GARDENS
CASE STUDY II: THE NETWORKED COMMUNITY
CHAPTER 9 Communicating Leadership
LAYING THE FOUNDATION: USEFUL INSIGHTS FROM PRIOR LEADERSHIP THEORIES
Trait Leadership
Leadership Style
Situational Leadership®
Transformational Leadership
Discursive Leadership
LEADERSHIP RECONSIDERED: EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP HABITS
Habits of Mind
Habits of Character
Habits of Authentic Communicative Performance
EVERYDAY ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION Grooming Servant Leaders through
Service Learning and Community Engagement
LEADING THE ORGANIZATION: COMMUNICATING WITH EMPLOYEES
Openness
Supportiveness
Motivation
Empowerment
THE DARK SIDE OF LEADERSHIP: BULLYING AND HARASSMENT
Bullying in the Workplace
Harassment and Sexual Harassment
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? Effective Responses to Bullies, Harassers, and Bosses Who
Mistreat Subordinates
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW AND DISCUSSION
KEY TERMS
CASE STUDY: WHEN LEADERSHIP STYLES COLLIDE
CHAPTER 10 Organizational Alignment: Managing the Total Enterprise
POSITIONING THE ORGANIZATION
Competitive Strategy
Types of Business Strategies
Strategy and the Business Life Cycle
STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT
HUMAN RESOURCES
Talent
EVERYDAY ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Helping Colleges and Universities Do What They Do Best
Targeted Selection
Performance Management
Training and Development
Organizational Development
ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING
Learning Basic Skills
Learning New Technologies
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? Blogaholics and Twitterphiles
EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Synchronicity and Media Richness
Social Media and the Urgent Organization
Secrecy and Privacy
Mediated Interpersonal Communication
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW AND DISCUSSION
KEY TERMS
CASE STUDY: STRATEGICALLY ALIGNING SCHOOL FOOD POLICIES
APPENDIX A Field Guide to Studying Organizational Communication
References
Author Index
Subject Index