Our Hearts Fell to the Ground Plains Indian Views of How the West Was Lost

This revised edition of Colin Calloway’s Our Hearts Fell to the Ground continues to offer a look into the Native American views of the changing West in the nineteenth century through a selection of primary accounts, speeches, and writings. With a revised introduction and a number of new documents, this second edition now includes new coverage of the Northern Cheyennes’ bid for freedom in 1878; a testimony by a Ponca chief who won a landmark court case; an Indian teacher’s thoughts on Indian schools; and an old woman’s memory of her experience as a teenage girl at the Wounded Knee massacre. The epilogue has been expanded and the bibliography updated to include many of the excellent and path-breaking works that have appeared in the twenty years since the first edition was published. Updated chronology and questions further serve to aid students as they make their way through this rich collection of documents.

Foreword

Preface

List of Maps and Illustrations

The Indian Peoples of the Plains

The Conquest of the Plains

The Reservations and the Era of Forced Acculturation

Native Responses and the Search for Hope

Voices and Visions

1. Lone Dog, Winter Count, 1800-1871

2. Saukamappee, Memories of War and Smallpox, 1787-1788

3. Howling Wolf: The Great Peace, c. 1878-81

4. Kiowa Legend: "I Bring Death" late 19^th century

5. Four Bears as Painted by Karl Bodmer, 1834

6. Buffalo Robe Painted by Four Bears, c. 1830

7. Four Bears, Drawing of His Fight with a Cheyenne Chief, c. 1830

8. Four Bears, Speech to the Arikaras and Mandans, July 30, 1837

9. Arapooish, Speech on Crow Country, 1830s

10. Two Leggings, The Dream and Reality of a Raid, 1919

11. Pretty Shield, "Like Talking to Water-Winds," 1932

12. Plenty Coups: "The Only Way Open to Us," c. 1930

13. Little Bear, "The Soldiers Had Not Scalped Them Yet." c. 1905-1918

14. Bear Head, "I Wished that the Seizers had Killed Me Too," 1935

15. Satanta, Speech at the Treaty of Medicine Lodge, 1867

16. Ten Bears, Speech at the Treaty of Medicine Lodge, 1867

"Teach Us the Road to Travel."
17. Satank, Speech at the Treaty of Medicine Lodge, 1867

18. Luther Standing Bear, "The Plains Were Covered with Dead Bison," 1928

19. Carl Sweezy, On Taking "the New Road," mid-20^th Century

20. Old Lady Horse, "War Between the Buffalo and the White Men," early 20^th century

21. Pretty Shield, "They Stared at the Empty Plains, as though Dreaming," 1932

22. Red Star, Reading the Sioux Signs, 1912

23. Wooden Leg, A Cheyenne Account of the Battle, 1931

24. Red Horse, Pictorial Record, 1881

25. Iron Hawk, "The Soldiers Were All Rubbed Out," 1931

26. Mrs. Spotted Horn Bull, "The Women and Children Cried," 1910

27. Red Cloud, Speech to the Secretary of the Interior, 1870

28. Buffalo Bird Woman, Recalling the Old Days, 1921

29. Wooden Leg, "I Just Listened, Said Nothing, and Did Nothing," 1931

30. Carl Sweezy, Learning to like Wohaw, mid-20^th century

31. Iron Teeth, "We are Going Back to the North," 1926

32. Little Wolf, "Our Hearts Longed for the Country Where We Were Born," 1879

33. Standing Bear, Testimony Before the Senate Committee, 1880

34. Luther Standing Bear, Life at Boarding School, 1928

35. Zitkala-Sa, Retrospection, 1921

36. Wohaw, Self Portrait, 1878

37. Lone Man, "Lieut. Bullhead Fired into Sitting Bull," 1920s

38. Bertha Kills Close to Lodge, "I was 17 years old," 1933

39. Black Elk, "The Nation’s Hoop is Broken," 1932

Chronology of How the West Was Lost

Questions for Consideration

Selected Bibliography