Representative Government in Modern Europe

by ; ;
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2005-05-27
Publisher(s): McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages
List Price: $94.38

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Summary

The fourth edition of this text continues to unite the theoretical analysis of representative government and its application to the real world of politics--with a unique focus on the core features of representative government as they manifest themselves across the whole of modern Europe. The book identifies and examines broad themes and patterns in the politics of the whole of "modern Europe"--not, as some other books do, only with regard to a handful of often atypical countries.Europe has been transformed by the dramatic democratization of many of the former Communist states of central and eastern Europe; reflecting this change, the fourth edition has also been transformed: country coverage has been extended to include all of the eight post-communist states that are now members of the EU, and discussion of politics in these countries has been integrated into the main body of text and tables. The "modern Europe" discussed in this book is thus the Europe that came into being in May 2004, and the text reflects the ways in which thinking about representative government has changed as a result of these dramatic developments.

Table of Contents

List of Tables and Figures
vii
About the Authors ix
Preface xi
Introduction
1(23)
Our Approach
2(1)
Modern Europe
3(1)
Plan of Campaign
4(2)
A Hundred Years of European History
6(7)
The Vital Statistics
13(9)
Appendix: Using the Internet and Other Resources to Keep Up with Changes in European Politics
22(2)
The Executive
24(33)
Presidential and Parliamentary Government
24(1)
The Head of State
25(10)
Semi-Presidentialism in France
26(3)
Directly Elected Presidents
29(2)
Indirectly Elected Presidents
31(1)
Monarchs
32(3)
The Prime Minister
35(5)
The Cabinet
40(4)
Junior Ministers
44(1)
The Making and Breaking of Governments
44(10)
Parliamentary Democracy and Legislative Majorities
44(3)
Heads of State and Formateurs
47(3)
Choosing Cabinet Ministers
50(2)
Investiture
52(1)
Defeat and Resignation
53(1)
Putting It All Together
54(1)
References
55(2)
Parliaments
57(29)
Parliaments and Governments
57(3)
The Roles of Parliaments
60(10)
Appointing and Dismissing Governments
60(1)
Parliaments and Lawmaking
61(5)
Parliaments and Oversight of Government
66(4)
Parliaments and Parties
70(4)
Voters Vote for Parties
72(1)
Parliamentarians and Party Discipline
73(1)
Parliamentarians and Constituency Representation
74(2)
European Parliaments: One Chamber or Two?
76(5)
The Significance of Parliaments: An Assessment
81(1)
References
82(4)
Constitutions, Judges, and Politics
86(29)
European Constitutions
87(6)
The Origins of Constitutions
87(2)
Constitutional Traditions
89(1)
Amending a Constitution
90(3)
Judicial Review
93(12)
Strong Judicial Review
94(7)
Weak Judicial Review
101(4)
The Appointment of Judges
105(2)
Constitutional Courts
105(1)
The Court System
106(1)
Judges and Lawmaking
107(3)
Conclusion: Judges and Representative Government
110(2)
References
112(3)
The European Union and Representative Government
115(39)
The Development of European Unity
116(3)
How the European Union Works
119(17)
The Commission
120(3)
The European Parliament
123(6)
The Council of the European Union
129(3)
The European Council
132(1)
The Court of Justice
133(3)
What Does the European Union Do?
136(7)
Single Market and Single Currency
136(1)
A People's Europe
137(2)
Agriculture
139(4)
The European Union: Intergovernmental or Supranational Organization?
143(2)
The Future of the European Union
145(3)
EU Enlargement
145(1)
EU Integration
145(2)
The Institutional Framework
147(1)
Representative Government and the ``Democratic Deficit''
148(2)
References
150(4)
Levels of Governance
154(33)
Politicians and the Civil Service
155(9)
Civil Service Cultures
157(2)
The Politicization of Senior Bureaucrats
159(4)
Conclusion: The Increasing Accountability of Public Servants?
163(1)
Levels of Governance
164(1)
Federal Government in Modern Europe
164(6)
Federal Government in Switzerland
165(2)
Federal Government in Germany
167(2)
Decisions Against Federalism in Eastern Europe
169(1)
The Growing Importance of Regional Government
170(3)
Regional Government in Spain
170(1)
The ``Devolution'' of Power in the United Kingdom
171(2)
Local Government
173(11)
The Structure of Local Government
174(2)
The Functions, Finances, and Autonomy of Local Government
176(6)
Popular Participation in Local Decisions
182(2)
Conclusions
184(1)
References
185(2)
Patterns in Party Politics and Party Systems
187(43)
Nine European Party Systems
187(34)
Party Politics in the United Kingdom
187(5)
Party Politics in Sweden
192(2)
Party Politics in Germany
194(5)
Party Politics in the Netherlands
199(3)
Party Politics in Italy
202(4)
Party Politics in France
206(3)
Party Politics in Spain
209(3)
Party Politics in Latvia
212(4)
Party Politics in Poland
216(5)
The Diversity of Modern European Party Politics
221(6)
Left and Right
222(3)
Postcommunist Patterns
225(2)
References
227(3)
Party Families
230(33)
Families of the Left
231(10)
The Social Democrats
231(4)
The Communists
235(2)
The New Left
237(2)
Green Parties
239(2)
Families of the Center and Right
241(13)
The Christian Democrats
241(4)
The Conservatives
245(2)
The Liberals
247(3)
The Agrarian or Center Parties
250(2)
The Far Right
252(2)
Other Parties
254(2)
Party Families in Postcommunist Europe
256(4)
References
260(3)
Cleavage Structures and Electoral Change
263(44)
The Meaning of Cleavage
264(1)
Traditional Cleavage Structures
265(7)
The Center-Periphery Cleavage
265(1)
The Church-State Cleavage
266(1)
The Rural-Urban Cleavage
267(1)
The Class Cleavage
268(1)
The Interaction of Different Cleavages
269(3)
The Persistence of Cleavages and the Freezing of Party Systems
272(3)
From Persistence to Change
275(2)
Change in European Cleavage Structures and Electoral Behavior
277(6)
Changing Social Structure
277(2)
Changing Voting Behavior
279(4)
Change Toward What?
283(13)
Toward Realignment?
284(4)
Toward Dealignment?
288(8)
Evaluating Change and Stability in Western Europe
296(2)
Parties and Voters in Postcommunist Europe
298(4)
East Versus West, or East and West?
302(1)
References
303(4)
Inside European Political Parties
307(33)
What Do Parties Do?
307(2)
Basic Party Organization
309(1)
Party Membership
309(9)
Who Becomes a Party Member?
309(5)
The Activities of Party Members
314(4)
Power Within Parties
318(12)
The Party Manifesto and Program
319(1)
Election of the Party Leader
320(1)
Selection of Parliamentary Candidates
321(6)
Sources of Party Finance
327(3)
The Changing Shape of European Parties
330(3)
The Future of European Parties
333(2)
References
335(5)
Elections, Electoral Systems, and Referendums
340(41)
Who Votes?
341(1)
When Do People Vote?
341(1)
Types of Electoral System
342(1)
Plurality and Majority Systems
343(8)
Proportional Representation
351(12)
List Systems
353(2)
Mixed Systems
355(2)
Thresholds
357(1)
Which Candidates Get the List Seats?
357(2)
The Single Transferable Vote
359(4)
Why Electoral Systems Matter
363(8)
Proportionality
363(1)
The Number of Parties
363(4)
Coalition or Single-Party Government?
367(3)
The Backgrounds of Parliamentarians
370(1)
Referendums
371(5)
Conclusion
376(1)
References
377(4)
Building and Maintaining a Government
381(41)
Government Formation
383(17)
Office-Seeking Politicians?
384(1)
Policy-Oriented Politicians?
385(1)
Office-Seeking Politicians and ``Minimal Winning'' Governments
385(2)
Policy-Oriented Politicians and Ideologically Compact Governments
387(1)
Minority Governments
388(3)
Surplus Majority Governments
391(2)
A Minimal Winning Cabinet in Germany
393(2)
Minority Cabinets in Norway
395(2)
Surplus Majority Cabinets in Italy
397(3)
Types of Government in Modern Europe
400(3)
The Allocation of Cabinet Portfolios
403(6)
Proportional Cabinet Payoffs in France
404(1)
Qualitative Portfolio Payoffs in Germany
405(2)
Cabinet Portfolios and Government Policy
407(2)
The Stability of European Governments
409(9)
Cabinet Attributes and Cabinet Stability
412(1)
System Attributes and Cabinet Duration
413(2)
Government Stability and Political Events
415(3)
Conclusion
418(1)
References
419(3)
Does Representative Government Make a Difference?
422(19)
Clear-Cut Cases of Policy Impact
426(3)
The Privatization of State Assets in Britain and Eastern Europe
426(2)
The Withdrawal of Spanish Troops from Iraq
428(1)
Party Manifestos and Government Policy Programs
429(1)
Redeeming Campaign Pledges
430(3)
Party Government and Public Spending
433(4)
Differences Between Countries
433(2)
Differences Within Countries
435(2)
Beyond Public Spending
437(1)
So, Does Politics Make a Difference?
438(1)
References
439(2)
Politics Outside Parliament
441(25)
Corporatism
441(9)
The Corporatist Model
441(4)
``Corporatism'' in Austria
445(2)
Tripartism and Social Partners
447(1)
Tripartism in Eastern Europe
448(1)
The Decline of Corporatism?
449(1)
Pluralism
450(7)
``Pluralism'' in Britain
452(1)
Pluralism in Action: The Women's Movement
453(1)
Pluralism in Action: The Environmental Movement
454(2)
New Social Movements
456(1)
The New Pluralism? Policy Networks
457(5)
Policy Networks in Action: Doctors
459(1)
Policy Networks in Action: Farmers
460(2)
Conclusion
462(1)
References
463(3)
Index 466

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