Risk Management in Sport : Issues and Strategies

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Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2005-02-28
Publisher(s): Carolina Academic Pr
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Summary

Risk management is one of the hottest topics in sport today, and a relatively new companion to sport law. Risk management has important implications for businesses, the insurance and medical industries, and other areas of sport management where minimizing loss exposure is critical to the avoidance of expensive lawsuits in this unprecedentedly litigious age.The list of authors is a who's who in risk management in sport. They share their knowledge of their areas of expertise in forty-three chapters, including ten new chapters covering playground safety, fitness center safety, automated external defibrillators, a risk management checklist for sport administrators, an update on Title IX, liability of property owners association and recreation programs, and trends in risk management for physical activity programs. The material in the first edition has been updated where appropriate, and this unique text covers a multitude of risk management issues and strategies to deal with them. Risk Management in Sport is an important addition to the Carolina Academic Press series of sport management and risk management texts. It is an essential book for the sport administrator, and a valuable resource for all associated with sport.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Part I Introduction 3(34)
Chapter 1 Risk Management in Sport
5(6)
Diversity of Lawsuits
5(1)
Sport Litigation Debated
6(1)
Sport Publications: A Response to Sport Litigation
6(1)
The Rise of Sport Management
7(1)
Center for Sports Law and Risk Management
7(1)
Five Steps in the Process of Risk Management
8(1)
Importance of Risk Management
9(1)
References
10(1)
Chapter 2 On Issues and Strategies
11(12)
On Sport and Risk
11(1)
On Issues and Strategies
12(1)
On Risk Management
13(1)
The Control of Sport Risks
14(1)
Special Examples of Risk Control
15(2)
Risk Avoidance and/or Transfer in Sport
17(5)
In My Opinion
22(1)
Chapter 3 The Legal System
23(10)
Types of Laws
24(1)
The Court System
25(2)
The Legal System in Action
27(3)
In My Opinion
30(1)
References
31(2)
Chapter 4 Glossary of Legal Words and Phrases
33(4)
Part II Tort Liability Issues 37(128)
Chapter 5 The Catastrophic Claims Perspective
39(10)
Which Athletic Activities Present the Greatest Risk of Catastrophic Injury?
39(1)
How to Manage Athletic Activities to Minimize Catastrophic Injuries
40(3)
How to Manage Situations Involving Catastrophic Injuries
43(4)
In My Opinion
47(2)
Chapter 6 Warnings, Waivers and Informed Consent
49(18)
Duty to Warn of Risk
49(1)
Injury Prevention
50(1)
Risk vs. Benefit
51(1)
Informed Consent
52(1)
Application to Sport
52(1)
Alternatives to Accepting Risk
53(1)
Binding Contract
54(1)
Standard of Care
54(1)
Legal Expectations
55(1)
Ineffective Approaches
55(1)
Appropriate Methods
56(1)
Mandatory Preseason Meetings
56(1)
Sport Specific Information
57(1)
Other Topics to Address
57(3)
Standardized Materials
60(1)
Alternative Opportunities
61(1)
Annual Review
62(1)
Complete Documentation
62(1)
Evidence for the Defense
62(1)
Waivers and Releases
63(1)
In My Opinion
64(1)
References
65(2)
Chapter 7 Defamation and the Sport Plaintiff: An Uneasy Alliance
67(14)
The Public Official
68(1)
The Public Figure
69(1)
The Limited Purpose Public Person
70(1)
The Private Figure
71(2)
Fact vs. Opinion
73(1)
Defenses
74(1)
In Defense of the Media and Other "Publishers"
75(1)
In Defense of the Plaintiff-A Counter Argument
76(2)
In My Opinion
78(1)
References
79(2)
Chapter 8 The Sport Club Dilemma
81(12)
History and Background of Sport Clubs
81(1)
Liability Considerations
82(1)
Status and Conduct of Sport Clubs
83(7)
In My Opinion
90(1)
References
90(3)
Chapter 9 Product Liability
93(14)
Potential Defendants
93(1)
Origin of Legal Theory
94(1)
Basis of Liability
95(1)
Jurisdiction Over Lawsuits and Applicable Law
96(1)
Common Allegations
96(2)
Defenses to Product Liability Claims
98(1)
Liability for Negligence
98(1)
Solutions for Manufacturers
99(2)
Litigation Outcomes
101(1)
Impact Upon Sport Programs
102(1)
Liability of Programs Related to Equipment
103(1)
Solutions for Programs
104(1)
In My Opinion
104(1)
References
105(2)
Chapter 10 Vehicle Safety
107(24)
Introduction
107(1)
What are the Risks?
108(3)
How to Manage the Risks
111(4)
The Vehicles
115(9)
Insurance Needs
124(3)
Special Considerations
127(2)
In My Opinion
129(1)
Automobile Insurance Terms
129(1)
Resources
130(1)
Chapter 11 Youth Sport and the Law
131(12)
Youth Sport and Litigation
131(1)
Court Cases Involving Facilities
132(1)
Areas of Concern
133(1)
Instruction
134(1)
Landmark Case in Soccer
134(1)
Equipment
134(1)
Supervision
135(1)
Recommendations
135(2)
Gender Equity In Youth Sport
137(2)
Individuals with Disabilities
139(1)
Special Olympics and Challenger Program
140(1)
Recommendations for Individuals with Disabilities
141(1)
In My Opinion
142(1)
References
142(1)
Chapter 12 Liability and Risk Management for Property Owner's Associations and Recreation Departments
143(8)
Introduction
143(1)
History and Background
143(1)
Legal and Statutory Foundations
144(3)
Association Board Member Liability
147(1)
Risk Management Considerations
148(1)
In Our Opinion
149(1)
References
149(1)
Appendix A
150(1)
Chapter 13 Risk Management for Physical Educators
151(14)
Supervision
152(1)
Instruction
153(1)
Training
154(1)
Medical Care
155(1)
Facilities and Equipment
156(1)
Accident and Injury Data
157(1)
Training workshops and seminars
157(1)
Emergency Care Drills
158(1)
CPR and First Aid Training
158(1)
References
159(6)
Part III Medical Issues 165(92)
Chapter 14 Administering a Sport Medicine Program
167(8)
Personnel Administration
167(3)
Facility Management
170(1)
Record Keeping
171(4)
Chapter 15 Blood Borne Pathogens
175(6)
Facts about Hepatitis B
175(1)
Types of Hepatitis
175(1)
What is Hepatitis B?
176(1)
How BIG is the Problem?
176(1)
HIV-AIDS Issues
177(2)
In My Opinion
179(1)
References
179(2)
Chapter 16 A Catastrophic Injury Plan
181(4)
The Importance of Planning
181(3)
In My Opinion
184(1)
Chapter 17 Responding to a Campus Death
185(6)
General Information
187(1)
Athletic-Related Death
188(3)
Chapter 18 The Preparticipation Physical Examination
191(22)
Can Athletes be Excluded from Sport if They Fail Their Physical Examination?
191(2)
Athletic Association Guidelines: College and University
193(1)
Medical Associations
194(3)
Medical Conditions and Sport Participation
197(5)
High to Moderate Intensity
202(1)
Low Intensity (Low Dynamic and Low Static Demands)
202(1)
Legal Right to Participate in Sport
203(5)
NCAA Guideline 3a
208(1)
In My Opinion
209(1)
References
210(3)
Chapter 19 The Problem of Sudden Death in Competitive Athletes
213(22)
Introduction
213(1)
Scope of the Problem
214(1)
Causes of Cardiac Sudden Death
215(1)
Specific Conditions Known to Cause Cardiac Sudden Death
216(2)
Screening Programs
218(1)
History and Physical Examination
219(1)
Ancillary Testing
219(1)
Limitations and Problems of Screening Programs
220(1)
Specific Limitations of Screening
221(3)
Medical-Legal Implications
224(1)
Practical Aspects of Screening Programs
225(1)
In My Opinion
226(1)
Glossary of Medical Terms
227(3)
References
230(5)
Chapter 20 Emergency Medical Preparedness
235(6)
Personnel
235(1)
Equipment
236(1)
Emergency Plan
236(3)
References
239(2)
Chapter 21 A.T.,C. and EMTs-Confrontation or Cooperation?
241(6)
EMT and A.T.,C. Certification
241(2)
Preseason Meeting
243(1)
Advances in Equipment
244(1)
In My Opinion
245(2)
Chapter 22 Six Minutes To Live or Die, Automatic External Defibrillators
247(10)
AEDs
247(1)
AEDs and Sport Medicine
248(1)
Regulatory and Legal Implications of AED Use
249(1)
Public Access Defibrillation Programs
250(1)
Legal Trends
250(2)
Statutory Immunity Provisions
252(1)
References
253(4)
Part IV Event and Facility Management Issues 257(120)
Chapter 23 Event Management: A Practical Approach
259(14)
Introduction
259(1)
Planning and Organization
260(1)
Organizational Chart
260(1)
Sales-Ticket Sales
261(1)
Sponsor Services
261(1)
Contestant Services-Special Consideration of Accommodations, Security, and Transportation
262(1)
Hospitality-Liquor Liability
262(1)
Operations-Crowd Management
263(1)
Site Management-Construction, Electrical, Maintenance, and Signage
264(1)
Concessions-Licenses, Taxes
264(1)
Finance
265(1)
Support Services-Health and Safety, Communications, Traffic Control, Transportation, and Parking
265(2)
Advertising, Promotions, Media Relations
267(1)
Insurance
267(2)
Waivers
269(1)
Contingency Plans
269(1)
Anticipation
269(1)
Unforeseeable
270(1)
In My Opinion
271(2)
Chapter 24 Events Crowd Management
273(16)
Introduction
273(1)
Radio Communication-A Critical Tool of the Trade
274(1)
Considerations
275(1)
Design Considerations (or making the best of what you have)
276(2)
Admission and Building Access Control
278(1)
Crowd Management
279(2)
Crowd Violence
281(2)
Security and Emergency Procedures Manual
283(4)
Search and Seizure
287(1)
In My Opinion
288(1)
Chapter 25 ADA and Sport Facilities
289(14)
Purpose Behind ADA
291(1)
ADA Requirements For Sport Facilities
291(2)
What Disabilities Are Covered by ADA?
293(1)
What Constitutes A Reasonable Accommodation?
294(1)
Do I Have To Prepare For Every and All Potential Handicaps?
295(1)
How Much Will It Cost Me?
296(1)
What Will Happen If I Just Do Nothing?
297(1)
Practical and Inexpensive ADA Solutions For Sport Facilities
297(3)
Hear This!
300(1)
Employment Concerns
301(1)
In My Opinion
302(1)
References
302(1)
Chapter 26 Risk Management in Public Assembly Facilities
303(14)
Introduction
303(1)
In the News
303(2)
Recent Research
305(1)
Case Analysis
306(3)
The Risk Management Process
309(3)
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
312(4)
In My Opinion
316(1)
References
316(1)
Chapter 27 Conducting a Facility Risk Review
317(12)
Introduction
317(1)
Legal Duty
317(2)
The Basis for Hazards
319(1)
Facility Risk Review
320(1)
Initial Inspection
321(1)
Risk Treatment
322(1)
Periodic Inspections
323(2)
Safety Rules
325(1)
Establish Preventative Maintenance Program
326(1)
Train Staff
326(1)
Documentation
326(1)
Common Hazards
327(1)
In My Opinion
328(1)
References
328(1)
Chapter 28 Expecting the Unexpected: Preparing for Emergencies
329(18)
The Basics
331(1)
Specific Emergencies
332(9)
Documentation
341(1)
Crisis Communication and Public Relations
342(2)
Post-Incident Follow-up
344(1)
In My Opinion
344(1)
References
344(3)
Chapter 29 A Risk Management Checklist for Athletic Directors
347(8)
Section I Supervision and Training
347(2)
Section II Maintaining a Safe Environment
349(1)
Section III Maintaining Proper Records
350(1)
Section IV Injury Management
351(2)
Section V Risk Warning
353(2)
Chapter 30 Playground Safety
355(8)
Scholastic Playgrounds
357(1)
Public Playgrounds
357(3)
References
360(3)
Chapter 31 Fitness Center Safety
363(14)
Introduction
363(1)
Facility Layout
363(5)
Overall Facility Safety
368(2)
Emergency Planning & Equipment
370(2)
Member Issues
372(1)
Facility Documentation
373(1)
Equipment Maintenance
374(1)
Locker Rooms
375(1)
References
375(2)
Part V Risk Management Concerns 377(104)
Chapter 32 Title IX Fundamentals
379(10)
Fundamentals of Title IX
379(3)
Title IX Enforcement
382(1)
Challenges to Title IX
382(4)
Title IX and Reverse Discrimination
386(1)
In My Opinion
387(1)
References
387(2)
Chapter 33 Accommodating Individuals with Disabilities in Regular Sport Programs
389(10)
Public Accommodations
389(1)
People with Disabilities Defined
390(1)
Sport Rules Discriminate
390(1)
Rule Changes During the 1970s
391(1)
Progress and Needs in the 21st Century
392(1)
Some Recommended Rule Accommodations
393(3)
Concluding Comments
396(1)
In My Opinion
397(1)
References
398(1)
Chapter 34 Termination or Discipline of a Coach: What Process is Due?
399(8)
Factual Background of the Tarkanian Case
399(1)
Legal Analysis of Coach Tarkanian's Due Process Claims
400(7)
Chapter 35 The Risk Management of Outdoor Adventure Pursuits
407(24)
Introduction
407(1)
A Risk Management Plan
408(11)
In My Opinion
419(1)
References
420(11)
Chapter 36 Cheerleading and the Law
431(10)
Direct Cheerleading Fatalities (1982-83 to 1994-95)
432(1)
Disability Injuries in Cheerleading (1982-83 to 1994-95)
433(1)
Serious Injuries in Cheerleading (1982-83 to 1994-95)
434(1)
Consumer Product Safety Commission Data
435(3)
In My Opinion
438(1)
References
439(2)
Chapter 37 Aquatics and the Law
441(12)
Head First Entry
442(1)
Legal Theories
442(3)
The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
445(2)
Risk Management System
447(2)
Emergency Action Plan
449(2)
References
451(1)
Recommended Reading
451(2)
Chapter 38 Drug Testing and the NCAA
453(14)
Introduction
453(2)
Fourteenth Amendment
455(3)
Fourth Amendment
458(5)
In My Opinion
463(1)
Risk Management Strategies
464(1)
Court Cases
464(1)
References
465(2)
Chapter 39 Managing Disasters-The National Incident Management System
467(4)
Chapter 40 Investigating Sexual Harassment Complaints
471(10)
Employment Liability Trends Call for Serious Measures
471(1)
The Basic Investigation: Questions and Answers
471(3)
Uncooperative Complainants
474(4)
Checklist for Investigations
478(1)
Resources on Investigations
479(2)
Part VI Trends in Risk Management 481(30)
Chapter 41 Employment Law Issues
483(14)
Review of Cases Involving the Sport Industry
484(1)
Employment Law Issues
485(1)
Affirmative Action
485(1)
Negligent Hiring, Negligent Referral and the Employee Reference
486(5)
Discrimination Based Upon Religion
491(3)
References
494(3)
Chapter 42 New Approach to Resolve Disputes
497(4)
Risk Management: The ECT Approach
499(1)
In My Opinion
500(1)
References
500(1)
Chapter 43 Trends and Issues in Risk Management for Recreational Sport Programs
501(10)
Key Liability and Risk Management Trends Study
502(1)
Trend Implications
502(6)
Summary
508(1)
References
509(2)
About the Authors 511(10)
Index 521

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