Single-sided Nmr,9783642163067

Single-sided Nmr

by Casanova, Federico; Perlo, Juan; Blumich, Bernhard

ISBN13: 9783642163067

ISBN10: 3642163068

Format: Hardcover

Pub. Date: 2011-01-28

Publisher(s): Springer Verlag

Other versions by this Author

List Price: ~~$179.99~~

Rent Textbook

Select for Price

Add to Cart

There was a problem. Please try again later.

New Textbook

We're Sorry
Sold Out

Used Textbook

We're Sorry
Sold Out

eTextbook

We're Sorry
Not Available

Buy from our Marketplace starting at $175.65

Summary

This book describes the design of the first functioning single-sided tomograph, the related measurement methods, and a number of applications in medicine, materials science, and chemical engineering. It will be the first comprehensive account of this new device and its applications. Among the key advances of this method is that images can be obtained in much shorter times than originally anticipated, and that even vector maps of flow fields can be measured although the magnetic fields are highly inhomogeneous. Furthermore, the equipment is small, mobile and affordable to small and medium enterprises and can be located in doctors' offices.

Table of Contents

Single-Sided NMR	p. 1
Development of Open NMR Sensors	p. 2
Well-Logging Tools	p. 2
Mobile Single-Sided Sensors	p. 3
The NMR-MOUSE	p. 4
Methods for Mobile NMR	p. 6
References	p. 7
NMR in Inhomogeneous Fields	p. 11
Introduction	p. 11
Evolution of the Magnetization During a Pulse Sequence	p. 12
Separation of the Magnetization into Coherence Pathways	p. 14
Numerical Calculation of the NMR Signal	p. 20
Pulse Sequence Analysis	p. 21
Single rf Pulse	p. 21
The Generation of Hahn Echoes	p. 23
The CPMG Sequence	p. 28
Inversion and Saturation Recovery	p. 35
Diffusion Measurements	p. 42
The SNR in Inhomogeneous Fields	p. 47
The Reciprocity Principle	p. 48
Numerical Calculations of the SNR	p. 49
An Analytical Solution for the SNR	p. 55
References	p. 55
Ex Situ Measurement of One- and Two- Dimensional Distribution Functions	p. 57
Introduction	p. 57
Relaxation	p. 57
Diffusion	p. 58
Diffusion-Relaxation Distribution Functions	p. 58
Pulse Sequences and Spin Dynamics in Inhomogeneous Fields	p. 59
Relaxation Measurement: Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill Sequence	p. 59
Diffusion Measurements with Static Gradients	p. 62
T₁ Measurements in Inhomogeneous Fields	p. 64
One-Dimensional Distribution Functions	p. 64
Data Inversion	p. 65
Regularization	p. 67
Systematic Errors	p. 68
Uncertainties	p. 68
Two-Dimensional Diffusion-Relaxation Distribution Functions	p. 69
Two-Dimensional Diffusion-Relaxation Measurements	p. 69
Data Analysis	p. 71
Interpretation of Distribution Functions	p. 73
Applications of Two-Dimensional Distribution Functions	p. 74
Two-Component Systems	p. 75
Wettability	p. 76
Complex Miscible Fluid	p. 77
Structured Fluid	p. 78
Pore Geometry of Porous Media	p. 79
Conclusion	p. 81
References	p. 82
Magnets and Coils for Single-Sided NMR	p. 87
Magnets	p. 88
B₀ Perpendicular to the Sensor Surface, the Bar Magnet Geometry	p. 89
B₀ Parallel to the Sensor Surface, the U-Shaped Geometry	p. 93
Magnets for Depth Profiling	p. 95
Sweet-Spot Magnets	p. 99
RF Coils	p. 102
Coils for Depth Profiling	p. 103
Coils for Sweet-Spot Magnets	p. 105
Gradient Coils	p. 107
References	p. 108
Single-Sided Tomography	p. 111
Depth Resolution Using the Static Field Gradient	p. 111
Spatial Encoding by Fourier Imaging	p. 113
Multi-Echo Acquisition Schemes	p. 117
RARE-Like Imaging Sequence	p. 117
CPMG-CP for Quadrature Detection	p. 121
Performance of the Multi-Echo Detection Scheme	p. 125
Sensitivity Improvement	p. 125
Relaxation and Diffusion Contrast	p. 126
3D Imaging	p. 128
Displacement Encoding	p. 129
PFG Methods in Inhomogeneous Fields	p. 130
Measurement of Velocity Distributions	p. 135
Spatially Resolved Velocity Distributions	p. 137
2D Velocity Maps	p. 137
References	p. 140
High-Resolution NMR in Inhomogeneous Fields	p. 143
Introduction	p. 143
Approaches Based on Spin Interactions	p. 144
Ex Situ NMR: Spatially Dependent ôz-Rotationsö	p. 145
Ex Situ Matching: Compensating Static Field Inhomogeneities via Spatially Matched rf	p. 147
Shim Pulses: Corrections Based on Gradient Modulations During an Adiabatic Double Passage	p. 157
Adjusted Chirp Shim Pulses	p. 160
Summary	p. 162
References	p. 162
High-Resolution Spectroscopy in Highly Homogeneous Stray Fields	p. 165
Sensor Design	p. 166
Main Unit	p. 166
Shim Unit	p. 167
Shimming Magnetic Fields with Movable Permanent Magnets	p. 170
Generation of Linear Terms Along y	p. 171
Generation of Linear Terms Along x and z	p. 172
Generation of Quadratic Terms x² and z²	p. 172
Experimental Results	p. 175
Shimming the Magnet to Higher Order	p. 177
Improving Resolution and Working Volume Size	p. 178
Temperature Compensation	p. 181
Conclusions	p. 185
References	p. 185
Applications in Biology and Medicine	p. 187
Skin	p. 188
Tendon	p. 192
Mummies and Bones	p. 194
Unilateral Imaging of Biological Matter	p. 196
Conclusions	p. 198
References	p. 199
Applications in Material Science and Cultural Heritage	p. 203
Elastomers	p. 204
Crosslink Density	p. 204
Aging	p. 206
Imaging	p. 209
Hard Polymers	p. 212
Ingress of Solvents	p. 215
Cultural Heritage	p. 217
References	p. 219
Spectrometer Hardware	p. 221
Single-Sided vs. Conventional: Systematic Differences	p. 222
Frontend Design	p. 223
Matching and Balancing	p. 223
Transmit-Receive Switching	p. 226
Transmitter Design	p. 228
Conventional Power Amplifiers	p. 229
Alternative Amplifier Designs	p. 230
Receiver Design	p. 233
Low-Noise Amplifier	p. 234
Frequency Generation and Mixing	p. 235
Digital Hardware	p. 237
Frontend Signal Processor Selection	p. 237
Digital Phase Sensitive Detector	p. 239
References	p. 239
Index	p. 241
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.