Preface xix
1 Introduction: Theories of Social Development 1
Bet You Didn’t Know That . . . Newborns Can Recognize Their Mothers by Smell 2
Insights from Extremes: Genie, a “Wild Child” 5
Cultural Context: Parenting Advice Around the Globe 8
Research Up Close: Children of the Great Depression 11
Into Adulthood: Fatherhood and Generativity 19
Learning from Living Leaders 36
Chapter Summary 38
Key Terms 41
At the Movies 41
2 Research Methods: Tools for Discovery 43
Insights from Extremes: Lost and Found Children 49
Real-World Application: Treating an Aggressive Child 51
Into Adulthood: Behavior in Childhood Predicts Adult Outcomes 55
Cultural Context: Challenges for Researchers 60
Research Up Close: The Puppet Interview Method 62
Bet You Thought That . . .: Parents Can Accurately Report Retrospectively About Their Children’s Early Years 67
Learning from Living Leaders 78
Chapter Summary 81
Key Terms 83
At the Movies 83
3 Biological Foundations: Roots in Neurons and Genes 85
Bet You Thought That . . .: Genes Determine Your Potential 99
Research Up Close: A Genetic Risk for Drug Use 109
Insights from Extremes: Autism 110
Real-World Application: Genetic Counseling, Genetic Selection 112
Cultural Context: Are Temperaments the Same Around the World? 115
Into Adulthood: Shy Children Thirty Years Later 120
Learning from Living Leaders 121
Chapter Summary 123
Key Terms 125
At the Movies 126
4 Attachment: Forming Close Relationships 127
Insights from Extremes: Maternal Bonding 131
Bet You Thought That . . .: Babies Become Attached to Their Teddy Bears and Blankets 135
Cultural Context: Assessing Attachment in Different Cultures 140
Research Up Close: Early Experience Hormones, and Attachment 145
Real-World Application: Attachment When Mother (or Father) Goes to Prison 149
Into Adulthood: From Early Attachment to Later Romantic Relationships 158
Learning from Living Leaders 159
Chapter Summary 161
Key Terms 163
At the Movies 163
5 Emotions: Thoughts about Feelings 165
Bet You Thought That. . .: A Smile Is a Smile Is a Smile 172
Cultural Context: Expressing and Understanding Emotions in Different Cultures 184
Into Adulthood: Controlling Negative Emotions in Adulthood 190
Research Up Close: Emotional Development in a High School Theater Program 194
Real-World Application: Teachers as Promoters of Emotional Competence 196
Insights from Extremes: When Children Commit Suicide 199
Learning from Living Leaders 202
Chapter Summary 203
Key Terms 204
At the Movies 204
6 Self and Other: Getting to Know Me, Getting to Know You 206
Cultural Context: How Culture Shapes Self-Representations 210
Into Adulthood: Identity Formation Continues 219
Real-World Application: Sexual Orientation and Identity 226
Research Up Close: The Brain Beneath Theory of Mind 229
Bet You Thought That . . .: Babies Are Not Mind Readers 230
Insights from Extremes: The Most Extreme Prejudice: Genocide 238
Learning from Living Leaders 244
Chapter Summary 245
Key Terms 247
At the Movies 247
7 Family: Early and Enduring Influences 248
Into Adulthood: Transition to Parenthood 253
Research Up Close: Transmission of Hostile Parenting across Generations 259
Bet You Thought That . . .: Parenting Is a Brain Drain, Not a Brain Booster 262
Insights from Extremes: When Is a Family Too Large? 265
Real-World Application: “Let’s Have Dinner” 271
Cultural Context: How Effects of Parenting Vary Across Cultures 274
Learning from Living Leaders 291
Chapter Summary 293
Key Terms 295
At the Movies 295
8 Peers: A World of Their Own 297
Cultural Context: Peer Roles and Relationships in Different Cultures 306
Bet You Thought That . . .: Names Would Never Hurt You 316
Research Up Close: When “Love Thine Enemy” Fails 317
Insights from Extremes: From Rejection to Revenge? 318
Insights from Extremes: When Children Love and Protect Each Other 330
Into Adulthood: What Happens When Jocks, Brains, and Princesses Grow Up 337
Real-World Application: Youth Gangs 339
Learning from Living Leaders 339
Chapter Summary 341
Key Terms 343
At the Movies 344
9 Schools Mentors and Media: Connections with Society 345
Bet You Thought That . . .: Homeschooled Children Were Socially Disadvantaged 352
Cultural Context: Matching Classroom Organization to Cultural Values and Practices 356
Real-World Application: Advertising Influences Children’s Choices 371
Research Up Close: Role-Playing Games and Social Life 380
Insights from Extremes: The Risks of Sexting 381
Learning from Living Leaders 381
Chapter Summary 384
Key Terms 386
At the Movies 386
10 Sex and Gender: Vive La Différence? 388
Into Adulthood: Occupations for Men and Women 393
Cultural Context: Cultural Differences in Gender Stereotypes 397
Bet You Thought That . . .: Gender Identity was Determined by Biological Sex 398
Insights from Extremes: The First American Transgendered Person 400
Research Up Close: Gender Roles in Counterculture Families 414
Real-World Application: Do Computers Widen the Gender Gap? 419
Learning from Living Leaders 427
Chapter Summary 428
Key Terms 430
At the Movies 431
11 Morality: Knowing Right Doing Good 432
Insights from Extremes: Moral Heroes 437
Cultural Context: Justice versus Interpersonal Obligations in India and the United States 441
Bet You Thought That . . .: Moral Judgment Leads to Moral Action 450
Into Adulthood: The Love of Money Is the Root of All Evil 453
Research Up Close: Children Telling Lies 454
Real-World Application: Adolescents’ Competence to Stand Trial as Adults 459
Learning from Living Leaders 470
Chapter Summary 473
Key Terms 474
At the Movies 474
12 Aggression: Insult and Injury 476
Into Adulthood: From Childhood Aggression to Road Rage 485
Insights from Extremes: Child Soldiers 493
Research Up Close: Genes, Environmental Triggers, and Aggressive Behavior 499
Real-World Application: Cyberfighting and Cyberbullying 505
Bet You Thought That . . .: You Could Reduce Aggressive Feelings by “Letting off Steam” 508
Learning from Living Leaders 514
Chapter Summary 516
Key Terms 517
At the Movies 518
13 Policy: Improving Children’s Lives 519
Real-World Application: Early Intervention with Children in Poverty 527
Research Up Close: The Florida Child Care Quality Improvement Study 534
Bet You Thought That . . .: More Teens Are Having Sex Than Ever Before 536
Into Adulthood: When Teen Mothers Grow Up 538
Cultural Context: Child Abuse and Children’s Rights 547
Insights from Extremes: Suggestive Interrogations and Legal Policy 551
Learning from Living Leaders 553
Chapter Summary 556
Key Terms 558
At the Movies 559
14 Overarching Themes: Integrating Social Development 560
Glossary 575
Author Index 587
Subject Index 609
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