Superacid Chemistry

The chemistry of superacids has developed in the last two decades into a field of growing interest and importance. Now available in a new expanded second edition, this definitive work on superacids offers a comprehensive review of superacids and discusses the development of new superacid systems and applications of superacids in the promotion of unusual reactions. Covering Bronsted and Leurs superacids, solid superacids, carbocations, heterocations, and catalyzed reactions, this timely volume is invaluable to professionals, faculty, and graduate students in organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry.

Ronald M. Heck, PHD, is President of RMH Consulting, where he specializes in consultation on environmental catalysis for auto, diesel, and stationary sources; general catalysis; fuel cells; reaction engineering: combustion technology; and chemical engineering. Previously, Dr. Heck was a Research Manager responsible for developing new catalyst technology for Engelhard Corporation's worldwide customers in environmental catalysis.

Robert J. Farrauto, PHD, is a research Fellow at BASF Catalysts and Adjunct Professor in the Earth and Environmental engineering Department of Columbia University in the City of New York where he teaches courses in catalysis and supervises graduate student research, His responsibilities at BASF catalysts include the development of advanced catalysts for hydrogen economy. He has worked extensively i9n the development of catalysts for the environmental, petroleum, and chemical industries.

Suresh T. Gulati, PHD, is a Consultant to the Science and Technology Division of Corning. He has also been a research fellow with Corning, specializing in the behavior of brittle materials. Dr. Galati has many years of experience working with automotive substrates, with an emphasis on their design and durability for diesel and passenger car applications.

Preface to the Second Edition.

Preface to the First Edition.

Chapter 1: General Aspects.

1.1. Defining Acidity.

1.2. Definition of Superacids.

1.3. Types of Superacids.

1.4. Experimental Techniques for Acidity Measurements (Protic Acids).

Chapter 2: Superacid Systems.

2.1. Primary Superacids.

2.2. Binary Superacids.

2.3. Ternary Superacids.

2.4. Solid Superacids.

Chapter 3: Carbocations in Superacid Systems.

3.1. Introduction.

3.2. Methods of Generating Carbocations in Superacids.

3.3. Methods and Techniques in the Study of Carbocations.

3.4. Trivalent Carbocations.

3.5. Equilibrating (Degenerate) and Higher (Five or Six) Coordinate (Nonclassical) Carbocations.

Chapter 4: Heterocations in Superacid Systems.

4.1. Introduction.

4.2. Onium Ions.

4.3. Enium Ions.

4.4. Homo- And Heteropolyatomic Cations.

4.5. Cations of Group 6-12 Elements.

Chapter 5: Superacid-Catalyzed Reactions.

5.1. Conversion of Saturated Hydrocarbons.

5.2. Alkylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

5.3. Acylation of Aromatics.

5.4. Carboxylation.

5.5. Formylation.

5.6. Thio- and Dithiocarboxylation.

5.7. Sulfonation and Sulfonylation.

5.8. Nitration.

5.9. Nitrosonium Ion (No+)-Induced Reactions.

5.10. Halogenation.

5.11. Amination.

5.12. Oxyfunctionalization.

5.13. Superacids in Protection Group Chemistry.

5.14. Superacids in Heterocyclic Chemistry.

5.15. Dehydration.

5.16. Superacids in Carbohydrate Chemistry.

5.17. Rearrangements and Cyclizations.

5.18. Ionic Hydrogenation.

5.19. Esterification and Ester Cleavage.

5.20. Additions.

5.21. Ritter Reactions.

5.22. Polymerization.

5.23. Miscellaneous Reactions.

References.

Outlook.

Index.