A relatively large portion of the population suffers from some behavior problem, be it their own or that of someone they love. Historically, the discipline of behavior analysis has been successful in using findings from basic research to create effective treatments for these problems. In fact, behavior analytic treatments have become the gold-standard in training those with autism and other developmental disabilities to communicate, engage in good social relations, and reduce self-injury. Although at the forefront of early treatment advances for depression, anxiety, attention deficits, etc., in the last thirty years, basic behavior analytic research has done little to advance the understanding and treatment of these problems. However, with the recent development of a workable behavior analytic theory of language and cognition (i.e., Relational Frame Theory, RFT) along with "third wave" behavioral interventions such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, behavioral activation, and Functional Analytic Psychotherapy, behavior analysis may again be ready to advance both the understanding and treatment of various psychiatric problems.