Preface |
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vii | |
Part I: Introduction |
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1 | (24) |
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Chapter 1--The Nature of SPSS |
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3 | (22) |
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1.1 Getting Started with SPSS for Windows |
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3 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2 Managing Data and Files |
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5 | (9) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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Adding Cases and Variables |
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10 | (1) |
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Deleting Cases and Variables |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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1.3 Transforming Variables and Data Files |
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14 | (7) |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (1) |
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Recoding Into the Same Variable |
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16 | (3) |
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Recoding Into Different Variables |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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1.4 Examining and Printing Output |
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21 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
Part II: Descriptive Statistics |
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25 | (62) |
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Chapter 2--Organization of Data |
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27 | (12) |
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2.1 Organization of Categorical Data |
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27 | (5) |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (2) |
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2.2 Organization of Numerical Data |
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32 | (6) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Chapter 3--Measures of Location |
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39 | (12) |
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39 | (2) |
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3.2 The Median and Other Percentiles |
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41 | (3) |
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41 | (2) |
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Quartiles, Deciles, Percentiles, and Other Quantiles |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (4) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (3) |
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Chapter 4--Measures of Variability |
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51 | (8) |
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51 | (2) |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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4.3 The Standard Deviation |
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54 | (1) |
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4.4 Some Uses of Location and Dispersion Measures Together |
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55 | (2) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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Chapter 5--Summarizing Multivariate Data: Association Between Numerical Variables |
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59 | (14) |
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5.1 Association of Two Numerical Variables |
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59 | (9) |
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59 | (3) |
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Changing the Scales of the Axes |
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62 | (1) |
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Other Information Revealed by Scatter Plots |
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63 | (1) |
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The Correlation Coefficient |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (2) |
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5.2 More than Two Variables |
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68 | (2) |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (3) |
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Chapter 6--Summarizing Multivariate Data: Association Between Categorical Variables |
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73 | (14) |
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6.1 Two-by-Two Frequency Tables |
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73 | (5) |
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Calculation of Percentages |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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6.2 Larger Two-Way Frequency Tables |
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78 | (1) |
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6.3 Effects of a Third Variable |
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79 | (6) |
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Marginal Association of Three Dichotomous Variables |
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80 | (3) |
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Conditional Association of Three Dichotomous Variables |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (2) |
Part III: Probability |
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87 | (18) |
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Chapter 7--Basic Ideas of Probability |
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89 | (4) |
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7.1 Probability in Terms of Equally Likely Cases |
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89 | (2) |
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7.2 Random Sampling; Random Numbers |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Chapter 8--Probability Distributions |
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93 | (4) |
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8.1 Family of Standard Normal Distributions |
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93 | (2) |
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Finding a Probability for a Given z value |
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93 | (1) |
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Finding a z Value for a Given Probability |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (2) |
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Chapter 9--Sampling Distributions |
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97 | (8) |
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9.1 Sampling From a Population |
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97 | (2) |
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97 | (2) |
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9.2 Sampling Distribution of a Sum and of a Mean |
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99 | (2) |
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9.3 The Normal Distribution of Sample Means |
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101 | (2) |
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The Central Limit Theorem |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (2) |
Part IV: Statistical Inference |
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105 | (50) |
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Chapter 10--Using a Sample to Estimate Characteristics of One Population |
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107 | (12) |
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10.1 Estimation of a Mean by a Single Number |
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107 | (1) |
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10.2 Estimation of Variance, Standard Deviation, and Standard Error |
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107 | (2) |
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10.3 An Interval of Plausible Values for a Mean |
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109 | (3) |
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Confidence Intervals When the Standard Deviation Is Known |
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110 | (1) |
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Confidence Intervals When the Standard Deviation Is Estimated |
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111 | (1) |
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10.4 Estimation of a Proportion |
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112 | (1) |
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10.5 Estimation of a Median |
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113 | (1) |
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Point Estimation of a Median |
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113 | (1) |
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Interval Estimation of a Median |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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Mean of a Population of Differences |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (3) |
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Chapter 11--Answering Questions About Population Characteristics |
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119 | (18) |
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11.1 Testing a Hypothesis About a Mean |
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119 | (1) |
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Hypothesis Testing Procedures |
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119 | (1) |
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11.2 Testing Hypotheses About a Mean When the Population Standard Deviation Is Known |
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120 | (2) |
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121 | (1) |
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11.3 Testing Hypotheses About a Mean When the Population Standard Deviation is Unknown |
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122 | (3) |
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Relation of Two-Tailed Tests to Confidence Intervals |
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124 | (1) |
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11.4 P Values: Another Way to Report Tests of Significance |
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125 | (1) |
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Test for a Mean When the Population Standard Deviation Is Known |
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125 | (1) |
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Test for a Mean When the Population Standard Deviation Is Not Known |
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125 | (1) |
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11.5 Testing Hypotheses About a Proportion |
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126 | (2) |
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11.6 Testing Hypotheses About a Median: The Sign Test |
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128 | (3) |
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131 | (4) |
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Testing Hypotheses About the Mean of a Population of Differences |
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131 | (2) |
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Testing the Hypothesis of Equal Proportions |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (2) |
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Chapter 12--Differences Between Two Populations |
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137 | (12) |
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12.1 Comparison of Two Independent Sample Means When the Population Standard Deviations Are Known |
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137 | (2) |
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12.2 Comparison of Two Independent Sample Means When the Population Standard Deviations Are Unknown but Treated as Equal |
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139 | (3) |
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142 | (1) |
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12.3 Comparison of Two Independent Sample Means When the Population Standard Deviations Are Unknown and Not Treated as Equal |
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142 | (1) |
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12.4 Comparison of Two Independent Sample Proportions |
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142 | (3) |
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12.5 The Sign Test for a Difference in Locations |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (2) |
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Chapter 13--Variability in One Population and in Two Populations |
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149 | (6) |
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13.1 Variability in One Population |
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149 | (1) |
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Testing the Hypothesis That the Variance Equals a Given Number |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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13.2 Variability in Two Populations |
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150 | (3) |
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Testing the Hypothesis of Equality of Two Variances |
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150 | (3) |
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Confidence Intervals for the Ratio of Two Variances |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (2) |
Part V: Statistical Methods for Other Problems |
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155 | (52) |
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Chapter 14--Inference on Categorical Data |
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157 | (14) |
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14.1 Tests of Goodness of Fit |
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157 | (4) |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (2) |
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14.2 Chi-Square Tests of Independence |
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161 | (3) |
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14.3 Measures of Association |
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164 | (5) |
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164 | (2) |
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A Coefficient Based On Prediction |
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166 | (2) |
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A Coefficient Based on Ordering |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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Chapter 15--Regression Analysis |
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171 | (24) |
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15.1 The Scatter Plot and Correlation Coefficient |
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172 | (2) |
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15.2 Simple Regression Analysis |
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174 | (6) |
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Estimating the Regression Equation |
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176 | (1) |
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Test of Significance for Beta |
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177 | (1) |
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Strength of Association of x and y |
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177 | (1) |
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Test of Significance for the Correlation |
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178 | (1) |
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Drawing the Regression Line |
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179 | (1) |
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15.3 Another Example: Inverse Association of x and y |
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180 | (5) |
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183 | (2) |
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15.4 Multiple Regression Analysis |
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185 | (5) |
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Selecting the Order of Entry of the Independent Variables |
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185 | (4) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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15.5 An Example With Dummy Coding |
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190 | (3) |
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193 | (2) |
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Chapter 16--Comparisons of Several Populations |
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195 | (12) |
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16.1 One-Way Analysis of Variance |
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195 | (6) |
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196 | (1) |
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Running the One-Way Procedure |
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197 | (2) |
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An Example with Unequal Sample Sizes |
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199 | (1) |
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More About the Analysis of Variance |
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200 | (1) |
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16.2 Which Groups Differ From Which, and by How Much? |
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201 | (1) |
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Post Hoc Comparisons of Specific Differences |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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16.3 Analysis of Variance of Ranks |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (3) |
Appendix--Data Files |
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207 | (18) |
Index |
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225 | |