Using SPSS for Windows : Data Analysis and Graphics

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Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1999-02-01
Publisher(s): Springer Verlag
List Price: $49.95

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Summary

Provides hands-on guidance to data analysis using SPSS for Windows. Designed to be used with Version 8.0 of SPSS & beyond, although many of the procedures are also applicable to earlier versions of SPSS. Provides instructions for using the World Wide Web to obtain the data sets to be analyzed. Paper.

Table of Contents

Preface vii
Part I: Introduction 1(24)
Chapter 1--The Nature of SPSS
3(22)
1.1 Getting Started with SPSS for Windows
3(2)
Windows
3(1)
The Main Menu
4(1)
1.2 Managing Data and Files
5(9)
Opening Data Files
5(1)
Reading SPSS Data Files
6(1)
Reading ASCII Data Files
7(2)
Entering Your Own Data
9(1)
Adding Cases and Variables
10(1)
Deleting Cases and Variables
11(1)
Defining Variables
11(2)
Saving SPSS Data Files
13(1)
Saving ASCII Data Files
14(1)
1.3 Transforming Variables and Data Files
14(7)
Computing New Variables
14(2)
Recording Variables
16(1)
Recoding Into the Same Variable
16(3)
Recoding Into Different Variables
19(1)
Selecting Cases
19(1)
If Condition
20(1)
Random Sample
21(1)
1.4 Examining and Printing Output
21(2)
Printing Output
22(1)
1.5 Missing Values
23(1)
Chapter Exercises
24(1)
Part II: Descriptive Statistics 25(62)
Chapter 2--Organization of Data
27(12)
2.1 Organization of Categorical Data
27(5)
Frequencies
27(3)
Bar Charts
30(2)
2.2 Organization of Numerical Data
32(6)
Discrete Data
32(1)
Continuous Data
33(2)
Changing Intervals
35(2)
Stem-and-Leaf Plot
37(1)
Chapter Exercises
38(1)
Chapter 3--Measures of Location
39(12)
3.1 The Mode
39(2)
3.2 The Median and Other Percentiles
41(3)
The Median
41(2)
Quartiles, Deciles, Percentiles, and Other Quantiles
43(1)
3.3 The Mean
44(4)
Proportion as a Mean
47(1)
Chapter Exercises
48(3)
Chapter 4--Measures of Variability
51(8)
4.1 Ranges
51(2)
The Range
51(2)
The Interquartile Range
53(1)
4.2 The Mean Deviation
53(1)
4.3 The Standard Deviation
54(1)
4.4 Some Uses of Location and Dispersion Measures Together
55(2)
Standard Scores
55(1)
Box-and-Whisker Plots
56(1)
Chapter Exercises
57(2)
Chapter 5--Summarizing Multivariate Data: Association Between Numerical Variables
59(14)
5.1 Association of Two Numerical Variables
59(9)
Scatter Plots
59(3)
Changing the Scales of the Axes
62(1)
Other Information Revealed by Scatter Plots
63(1)
The Correlation Coefficient
64(2)
Rank Correlation
66(2)
5.2 More than Two Variables
68(2)
Correlation Matrix
68(2)
Missing Values
70(1)
Chapter Exercises
70(3)
Chapter 6--Summarizing Multivariate Data: Association Between Categorical Variables
73(14)
6.1 Two-by-Two Frequency Tables
73(5)
Calculation of Percentages
76(1)
Phi Coefficient
77(1)
6.2 Larger Two-Way Frequency Tables
78(1)
6.3 Effects of a Third Variable
79(6)
Marginal Association of Three Dichotomous Variables
80(3)
Conditional Association of Three Dichotomous Variables
83(2)
Chapter Exercises
85(2)
Part III: Probability 87(18)
Chapter 7--Basic Ideas of Probability
89(4)
7.1 Probability in Terms of Equally Likely Cases
89(2)
7.2 Random Sampling; Random Numbers
91(1)
Chapter Exercises
92(1)
Chapter 8--Probability Distributions
93(4)
8.1 Family of Standard Normal Distributions
93(2)
Finding a Probability for a Given z value
93(1)
Finding a z Value for a Given Probability
94(1)
Chapter Exercises
95(2)
Chapter 9--Sampling Distributions
97(8)
9.1 Sampling From a Population
97(2)
Random Samples
97(2)
9.2 Sampling Distribution of a Sum and of a Mean
99(2)
9.3 The Normal Distribution of Sample Means
101(2)
The Central Limit Theorem
101(2)
Chapter Exercises
103(2)
Part IV: Statistical Inference 105(50)
Chapter 10--Using a Sample to Estimate Characteristics of One Population
107(12)
10.1 Estimation of a Mean by a Single Number
107(1)
10.2 Estimation of Variance, Standard Deviation, and Standard Error
107(2)
10.3 An Interval of Plausible Values for a Mean
109(3)
Confidence Intervals When the Standard Deviation Is Known
110(1)
Confidence Intervals When the Standard Deviation Is Estimated
111(1)
10.4 Estimation of a Proportion
112(1)
10.5 Estimation of a Median
113(1)
Point Estimation of a Median
113(1)
Interval Estimation of a Median
113(1)
10.6 Paired Measurements
114(2)
Mean of a Population of Differences
114(2)
Matched Samples
116(1)
Chapter Exercises
116(3)
Chapter 11--Answering Questions About Population Characteristics
119(18)
11.1 Testing a Hypothesis About a Mean
119(1)
Hypothesis Testing Procedures
119(1)
11.2 Testing Hypotheses About a Mean When the Population Standard Deviation Is Known
120(2)
Validity Conditions
121(1)
11.3 Testing Hypotheses About a Mean When the Population Standard Deviation is Unknown
122(3)
Relation of Two-Tailed Tests to Confidence Intervals
124(1)
11.4 P Values: Another Way to Report Tests of Significance
125(1)
Test for a Mean When the Population Standard Deviation Is Known
125(1)
Test for a Mean When the Population Standard Deviation Is Not Known
125(1)
11.5 Testing Hypotheses About a Proportion
126(2)
11.6 Testing Hypotheses About a Median: The Sign Test
128(3)
11.7 Paired Measurements
131(4)
Testing Hypotheses About the Mean of a Population of Differences
131(2)
Testing the Hypothesis of Equal Proportions
133(2)
Chapter Exercises
135(2)
Chapter 12--Differences Between Two Populations
137(12)
12.1 Comparison of Two Independent Sample Means When the Population Standard Deviations Are Known
137(2)
12.2 Comparison of Two Independent Sample Means When the Population Standard Deviations Are Unknown but Treated as Equal
139(3)
One-Tailed Tests
142(1)
12.3 Comparison of Two Independent Sample Means When the Population Standard Deviations Are Unknown and Not Treated as Equal
142(1)
12.4 Comparison of Two Independent Sample Proportions
142(3)
12.5 The Sign Test for a Difference in Locations
145(2)
Chapter Exercises
147(2)
Chapter 13--Variability in One Population and in Two Populations
149(6)
13.1 Variability in One Population
149(1)
Testing the Hypothesis That the Variance Equals a Given Number
149(1)
Confidence Intervals
150(1)
13.2 Variability in Two Populations
150(3)
Testing the Hypothesis of Equality of Two Variances
150(3)
Confidence Intervals for the Ratio of Two Variances
153(1)
Chapter Exercises
153(2)
Part V: Statistical Methods for Other Problems 155(52)
Chapter 14--Inference on Categorical Data
157(14)
14.1 Tests of Goodness of Fit
157(4)
Equal Probabilities
157(2)
Probabilities Not Equal
159(2)
14.2 Chi-Square Tests of Independence
161(3)
14.3 Measures of Association
164(5)
The Phi Coefficient
164(2)
A Coefficient Based On Prediction
166(2)
A Coefficient Based on Ordering
168(1)
Chapter Exercises
169(2)
Chapter 15--Regression Analysis
171(24)
15.1 The Scatter Plot and Correlation Coefficient
172(2)
15.2 Simple Regression Analysis
174(6)
Estimating the Regression Equation
176(1)
Test of Significance for Beta
177(1)
Strength of Association of x and y
177(1)
Test of Significance for the Correlation
178(1)
Drawing the Regression Line
179(1)
15.3 Another Example: Inverse Association of x and y
180(5)
No Relationship
183(2)
15.4 Multiple Regression Analysis
185(5)
Selecting the Order of Entry of the Independent Variables
185(4)
Simple Correlations
189(1)
The Full Model
189(1)
Incremental Models
190(1)
15.5 An Example With Dummy Coding
190(3)
Chapter Exercises
193(2)
Chapter 16--Comparisons of Several Populations
195(12)
16.1 One-Way Analysis of Variance
195(6)
Examining the Data
196(1)
Running the One-Way Procedure
197(2)
An Example with Unequal Sample Sizes
199(1)
More About the Analysis of Variance
200(1)
16.2 Which Groups Differ From Which, and by How Much?
201(1)
Post Hoc Comparisons of Specific Differences
201(1)
Effect Sizes
202(1)
16.3 Analysis of Variance of Ranks
202(2)
Chapter Exercises
204(3)
Appendix--Data Files 207(18)
Index 225

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