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Summary
WAIS-IV is the most widely used intelligence test for adults in the world. Substantive changes were made to the WAIS-IV from the WAIS-III leaving clinicians with questions as to how to use and interpret the measure effectively. This guide to the WAIS-IV is written to help clinical practitioners achieve efficient and accurate interpretations of test results. This guide is based on data obtained while standardizing the test, and hence provides the most authoritative information for interpreting results, diagnostic validity, demographically corrected norms, and accuracy of the tests in measuring intelligence and memory.
Table of Contents
| List of contributors | p. xi |
| Foreword | p. xiii |
| Preface | p. xxiii |
| The WAIS-IV: Development and Foundations | |
| WAIS-IV: Advanced in the Assessment of Intelligence | |
| Introduction | p. 3 |
| Wechsler's theory of intelligence: past and present | p. 4 |
| Structure and content of the WAIS-IV | p. 7 |
| Subtest descriptions | p. 7 |
| Score descriptions | p. 11 |
| WAIS-III to WAIS-IV: what's new? | p. 12 |
| Changes to structure and content | p. 12 |
| Other changes | p. 18 |
| Conclusion | p. 19 |
| References | p. 20 |
| Practical Issues in WAIS-IV Administration and Scoring | |
| Introduction | p. 25 |
| Administration and scoring considerations | p. 26 |
| Verbal Comprehension scale | p. 26 |
| Perceptual Reasoning scale | p. 29 |
| Working Memory scale | p. 34 |
| Processing Speed scale | p. 38 |
| Key prompts | p. 42 |
| Frequently asked administration and scoring questions | p. 42 |
| Conclusion | p. 50 |
| Appendix: What WAIS-III users should know about WAIS-IV | p. 51 |
| References | p. 59 |
| Theoretical, Empirical and Clinical Foundations of the WAIS-IV Index Scores | |
| Introduction | p. 61 |
| The WAIS-IV index scores | p. 63 |
| Verbal Comprehension Index | p. 63 |
| Perceptual Reasoning Index | p. 65 |
| Working Memory Index | p. 68 |
| Processing Speed Index (PSI) | p. 72 |
| Toward a dynamic model of intellectual abilities | p. 75 |
| Analyzing differences among index scores | p. 79 |
| The WAIS-IV Composite Scores | p. 79 |
| General Ability Index (GAI) | p. 80 |
| Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI) | p. 81 |
| Issues in estimating overall ability | p. 88 |
| Summary and Comment | p. 90 |
| References | p. 91 |
| The WAIS-IV: Clinical Use and Interpretation in Context | |
| WAIS-IV Use in Societal Context | |
| Introduction | p. 97 |
| Bias issues in intellectual assessment | p. 98 |
| Demographic differences in various areas of life | p. 102 |
| Racial/ethnic group disparities in education | p. 103 |
| Racial/ethnic group disparities in mental health status | p. 105 |
| Racial/ethnic group disparities in physical health status | p. 107 |
| Racial/ethnic group disparities in income | p. 109 |
| Implications of demographic differences in various areas of life | p. 110 |
| The role of cognitive stimulation in intellectual development | p. 112 |
| Home environment influences on cognitive development | p. 114 |
| The role of the person in the development and maintenance of cognitive abilities | p. 116 |
| Patterns of IQ and Index score differences across racial/ethnic groups | p. 118 |
| SES mediators of FSIQ differences between culturally diverse groups | p. 124 |
| Are there individual mediators of intelligence that are universal? | p. 130 |
| Summary | p. 135 |
| References | p. 136 |
| The Flynn Effect and the Wechsler Scales | |
| Introduction | p. 141 |
| Variability of the Flynn effect | p. 142 |
| What causes the Flynn effect? | p. 143 |
| Current research | p. 146 |
| Research method | p. 147 |
| Samples | p. 147 |
| Analysis | p. 149 |
| Results | p. 152 |
| FSIQ change by ability | p. 152 |
| FSIQ change by gender, education, and age | p. 154 |
| CPI change by ability and demographics | p. 155 |
| Score change in the DAS and the Bayley | p. 158 |
| Discussion | p. 160 |
| The Flynn effect and test construct | p. 161 |
| Is IQ change due to population change? | p. 162 |
| Conclusion | p. 163 |
| References | p. 164 |
| WAIS-IV Use in Neuropsychological Assessment | |
| Introduction | p. 167 |
| From WAIS-III to WAIS-IV | p. 169 |
| Changes to the WAIS-IV | p. 170 |
| Comparability of WAIS-IV and WAIS-III | p. 172 |
| Implications of changes in WAIS-IV for neuropsychological applications | p. 173 |
| Neuropsychological interpretation of the WAIS-IV | p. 173 |
| Clinical analysis of WAIS-IV scores | p. 174 |
| Test-retest reliability | p. 176 |
| Initial validity studies of WAIS-IV | p. 177 |
| Supplemental analyses of clinical scales | p. 178 |
| Intellectual giftedness and disability | p. 178 |
| Traumatic brain injury | p. 180 |
| Mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease | p. 181 |
| Major depression | p. 183 |
| Summary | p. 185 |
| Future research | p. 185 |
| References | p. 186 |
| The Wechsler Intelligence Scales in the Assessment of Psychopathology | |
| Historical introduction | p. 189 |
| Factor analytic studies | p. 192 |
| Schizophrenia | p. 193 |
| Factor analytic studies | p. 196 |
| The schizophrenia spectrum | p. 198 |
| Autism | p. 200 |
| Factor analytic studies | p. 202 |
| Traumatic brain injury | p. 204 |
| Cluster and factor analytic studies | p. 207 |
| Summary | p. 211 |
| References | p. 212 |
| Do the WAIS-IV Tests Measure the Same Aspects of Cognitive Functioning in Adults Under and Over Age 65? | |
| Introduction | p. 217 |
| Comparisons of level of performance | p. 219 |
| Reliability | p. 226 |
| Correlations among variables | p. 226 |
| Correlations with other variables | p. 230 |
| Discussion | p. 232 |
| References | p. 234 |
| Using WAIS-IV with WMS-IV | |
| Introduction | p. 237 |
| Overview of WMS-IV | p. 237 |
| Brief history of the Wechsler Memory scale | p. 237 |
| WMS-IV structure | p. 239 |
| Interpretation | p. 241 |
| Combining WAIS-IV/WMS-IV scores | p. 265 |
| Methods for comparing scores | p. 265 |
| WAIS-IV versus WMS-IV comparisons | p. 267 |
| Case studies | p. 269 |
| Probable dementia of the Alzheimer's type - mild severity | p. 269 |
| Mild cognitive impairment | p. 272 |
| Traumatic brain injury | p. 276 |
| Left temporal epilepsy | p. 279 |
| References | p. 283 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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