| Preface |
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| Where is the West? |
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xxv | |
| What, Then, is the West? |
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xxvi | |
| The West and the Rest of the World |
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xxvii | |
| Changes to the Second Edition |
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xxvii | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xxviii | |
| Picture Credits |
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xxix | |
| Literary Credits |
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xxxi | |
| Walkthrough: A Guide to the Second Edition |
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xxxiii | |
| Why is Western Civilization, Second Edition, Organized Thematically? |
|
xxxiv | |
| Features of the Second Edition |
|
xxxv | |
| Supplements |
|
xxxix | |
| PART ONE Before the West |
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The Inhabited World from the First Civilizations to Alexander the Great (Prehistory-300 B.C.E.) |
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Prehistory and Early Civilizations (2 Million-500 B.C.E.) |
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4 | (5) |
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The Arrival of the Human Being |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (4) |
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9 | (1) |
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Civilization and the City |
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9 | (9) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Breaking the Law |
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13 | (2) |
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Fathers, Women, and Children |
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15 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Skyscrapers of the Past |
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16 | (1) |
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Witnesses: All in the Family |
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17 | (1) |
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Writing, Language, and Consciousness |
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18 | (5) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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Windows On: Laws as Hard as Stone |
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22 | (1) |
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Witnesses: He Who Saw Everything |
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23 | (1) |
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Sacrifice, Myth, and Conscience |
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23 | (5) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Forms of Worship |
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26 | (2) |
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Conclusion: The Earliest Civilizations and the Meaning of the West |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (3) |
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Politics and Power in the Bronze and Iron Ages (3500-300 B.C.E.) |
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32 | (2) |
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Kings, Queens, and Priests |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Witnesses: The Idea of the King |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Bronze Age Kingdoms in Egypt and Mesopotamia |
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34 | (4) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Witnesses: To War in Sumer, Canaan, And Assyria |
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36 | (2) |
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Bronze Age Kingdoms in the Aegean and the Near East |
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38 | (4) |
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The Arrival of the Indo-Europeans |
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38 | (1) |
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Civilizations of the Aegean and Asia Minor |
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39 | (1) |
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Near Eastern Rivalries and the End of the Bronze Age |
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40 | (2) |
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Witnesses: The Quiet Voice of Peace |
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42 | (1) |
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Iron Age Empires of the Middle East |
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42 | (7) |
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Philistines, Israelites, and Phoenicians |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (2) |
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Assyria, Babylon, and Persia |
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46 | (3) |
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Bronze and Iron Age Kingdoms in East and South Asia |
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49 | (2) |
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Heaven's Mandate in China |
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49 | (1) |
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Aryans and Emperors in India |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (3) |
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Greece, Europe, and the West |
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51 | (2) |
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From City-State to Empire |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Conclusion: The Contest for Empire and the Meaning of the West |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (3) |
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The New Politics of Ancient Greece (1000-300 B.C.E.) |
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The Formation of the Polis |
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58 | (8) |
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Rich and Poor in a Poor Land |
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58 | (1) |
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The Coming of the Archaic Age |
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59 | (1) |
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Council, Assembly, and Phalanx |
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60 | (1) |
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Windows on: The Evolving Vase |
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61 | (1) |
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Colonization, Commerce, and Manufacturing |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (8) |
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66 | (1) |
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Witnesses: On Law and Justice, I |
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67 | (1) |
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Lawmakers of Sparta and Athens |
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68 | (2) |
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Witnesses: On Law and Justice, II |
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70 | (2) |
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Justice in the Classical Age |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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Private Life of the Polis |
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74 | (6) |
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The Household: Woman's Place |
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74 | (4) |
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78 | (1) |
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Beyond the Household: Male Space |
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78 | (2) |
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Conclusion: The Greek Polis and the Meaning of the West |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (3) |
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Poetry, Ideas, and the Arts in Ancient Greece (800---300 B.C.E) |
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The Birth of the Greek Gods |
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84 | (6) |
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84 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Who the Gods Are |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (3) |
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90 | (8) |
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90 | (1) |
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Lyric Poets: Personal and Civic Lives |
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90 | (2) |
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Windows On: Worthy Maidens |
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92 | (1) |
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Tragedy and Comedy: The Myth Transformed |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (1) |
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Windows On: Excellence Through Struggle |
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96 | (2) |
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To Know and to Love to Know |
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98 | (9) |
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Presocratic Knowers and Seekers |
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98 | (2) |
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Witnesses: Presocratic Thinkers on Reality |
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100 | (1) |
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History, Sophistry, and Oratory |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (2) |
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Philosophers-Lovers of Wisdom |
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104 | (2) |
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Witnesses: Plato and Aristotle on the Nature of Knowing |
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106 | (1) |
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Conclusion: The Life of Reason and the Meaning of the West |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (4) |
| PART TWO The Origins of the West |
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From Roman Dominion to the New Peoples of Europe (300 B.C.E.-1300 C.E.) |
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The Mediterranean World in the Hellenistic and Early Roman Eras (300---27 B.C.E.) |
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112 | (4) |
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Hellenistic Civilization and the Eastern Mediterranean |
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112 | (2) |
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The Western Mediterranean and Beyond |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (8) |
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116 | (1) |
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Women in the Hellenistic World |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Books, Science, and Philosophy |
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119 | (4) |
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Windows On: The Worlds of Eratosthenes and Archimedes |
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123 | (1) |
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Rome: From Village to Nation |
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124 | (5) |
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124 | (1) |
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Family and Society in Early Rome |
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124 | (2) |
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Witnesses: The Irresistible Roman Advance |
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126 | (1) |
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The Organization of Power |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (4) |
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Italy, Carthage, and the West |
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129 | (2) |
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Witnesses: Defenders of the Roman Ideal |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Rome: From Republic to Empire |
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133 | (3) |
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133 | (1) |
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The Last Century of the Republic |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Conclusion: The Roman Sea and the Meaning of the West |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (3) |
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Society, State, and Culture in Imperial Rome (27 B.C.E.---500 C.E.) |
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140 | (5) |
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Augustus, the First Citizen |
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140 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Imperial Power in the Words of Emperor Augustus and Tacitus |
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141 | (1) |
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Emperors Good and Bad: Augustus to the Severi |
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142 | (2) |
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Inside the Imperial Monarchy |
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144 | (1) |
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Upper Classes and Other Classes |
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145 | (7) |
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145 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Family Values in Imperial Rome |
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146 | (1) |
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Wives, Mothers, and Children |
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146 | (2) |
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Windows, On: Private Lives |
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148 | (1) |
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Witnesses: On Education and Oratory |
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149 | (1) |
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Freedmen, Slaves, and the Poor |
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150 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Lives of Slaves and Masters |
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151 | (1) |
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The Culture of Imperial Rome |
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152 | (7) |
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152 | (1) |
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A City, an Empire, a World |
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153 | (2) |
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Windows On: Lifestyles of the Wealthy: Villa and Townhouse |
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155 | (2) |
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Roman Literature in Florescence and Decay |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (5) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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Witnesses: Crisis and Response in Late Imperial's Rome |
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163 | (1) |
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Constantine's City and the City of God |
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163 | (1) |
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Conclusion: The Roman Peace and the Meaning of the West |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (3) |
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Pagans, Jews, and Christians |
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Religions of the Mediterranean World (500 B.C.E.---500 C.E.) |
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168 | (7) |
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168 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Faith and Skepticism in Roman Religion |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (6) |
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The Jewish State Under Foreign Overlords |
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175 | (2) |
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Witnesses: Jerusalem Destroyed, and Lamented |
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177 | (1) |
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The Revolts and Rabbinical Judaism |
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178 | (1) |
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Windows On: Ancient Jewish Life |
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179 | (2) |
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181 | (4) |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (2) |
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Progress of Christinanity |
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185 | (7) |
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185 | (2) |
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Persecutions and Controversies |
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187 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Christians to the Lions |
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188 | (2) |
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The Triumph of Christianity |
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190 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Christianity Victorious |
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191 | (1) |
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Conclusion: Roman Gods, the One God, and the Meaning of the West |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (3) |
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New Peoples of Europe and Other Peoples of the World (300--1300 C.E.) |
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The ``Triumph of Barbarism and Religion'' |
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196 | (7) |
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Newcomers from Central Asia |
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196 | (3) |
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Romanization, Invasion, and Rule |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (3) |
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Byzantium: The Enduring Empire |
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203 | (7) |
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The Eastern Empire to the Autocracy of Justinian |
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203 | (1) |
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Witnesses: The Coming of the Germans |
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204 | (4) |
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Witnesses: The Byzantines in Charge |
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208 | (1) |
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Byzantium After Justinian |
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208 | (2) |
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Islam: From Arabian Desert to World Stage |
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210 | (5) |
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211 | (1) |
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Witnesses: The Civilization of Islam |
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211 | (1) |
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Arabic Expansion Under the Caliphs |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (10) |
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African Tribes, Cities, and Kingdoms |
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215 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Africa and Asia: Glimpses of the World Beyond the West |
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216 | (1) |
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Unity and Disunity in India |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (4) |
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American Migrations and Civilizations |
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222 | (1) |
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Windows On: A Roundup of World Monuments |
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223 | (2) |
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Conclusion: The Ancient World, Its Legacy, and the Meaning of the West |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (4) |
| PART THREE The West Takes Form |
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Medieval Society, Politics, Economy, and Culture (500--1500) |
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Workers, Warriors, and Kings |
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Politics and Society in the Middle Ages (800--1500) |
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230 | (8) |
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Serfs, Peasants, and Poverty |
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230 | (1) |
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Windows On: Plow and Field |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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Manor, Village, and Household |
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233 | (2) |
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235 | (1) |
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Expansion, Crisis, and Protest |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (9) |
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Nobles, Knights, and Lords |
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238 | (2) |
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Witnesses: Vassals and Serfs |
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240 | (1) |
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Courts and Courtly Culture |
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241 | (2) |
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Witnesses: Noblewomen as Mothers and Lovers |
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243 | (1) |
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Defending the Kingdoms and the Faith |
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243 | (1) |
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Windows On: Noble Couples |
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244 | (3) |
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247 | (7) |
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247 | (1) |
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France: The Patient Capetians |
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248 | (1) |
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England: The Heritage of Conquest |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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The Empire: Two Romes in Conflict |
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251 | (1) |
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The European Core and Periphery |
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252 | (2) |
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Conclusion: Power, Privilege, Protest, and the Meaning of the West |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (3) |
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Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages (500--1500) |
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258 | (8) |
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Origins of Christian Asceticism |
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258 | (2) |
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Monasticism and the Christian Mission |
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260 | (1) |
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Windows On: The Monastery and the Monastic Day |
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261 | (2) |
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Monastic Reform and Transformation |
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263 | (3) |
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Witnesses: Monastic Life and Mendicant Spirituality |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (8) |
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Popes and Kings: The Era of Cooperation |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (2) |
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Witnesses: Papal Supremacy, Clerical Reform, and Conciliar Resistance |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (2) |
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273 | (1) |
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The Church and the People |
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274 | (7) |
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The Pattern of Christian Life |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (1) |
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Windows On: Female Spirituality |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (3) |
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281 | (5) |
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281 | (2) |
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The Age of Faith and Reason |
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283 | (2) |
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Witnesses: Schools and Scholars |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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Conclusion: The Medieval Church and the Meaning of the West |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (3) |
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Cities, Merchants, and Trade in the Middle Ages (1000--1500) |
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290 | (5) |
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Economic Crisis and Recovery |
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290 | (3) |
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293 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Wandering Merchants |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (10) |
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Urban Decline and Revival |
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295 | (5) |
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300 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Town Statutes and Troubles |
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300 | (4) |
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Urban Revolution in Northern Italy |
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304 | (1) |
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Artisans and Entrepreneurs |
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305 | (9) |
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Windows On: The Florentine Wool Cloth Industry, Thirteenth Century |
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306 | (1) |
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Medieval Industry: Textiles, Meaning, and Shipbuilding |
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307 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Commercial Contracts |
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307 | (1) |
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Guilds and Their Functions |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (4) |
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314 | (5) |
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Italy and the Old World Commercial System |
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314 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Faraway Places |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (1) |
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Witnesses: How and How Not to Succeed in Business |
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318 | (1) |
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Conclusion: Merchants, Money, and the Meaning of the West |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (4) |
| PART FOUR The West Expands |
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The Self, the State, the World (1200---1750) |
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Public and Private Life in the Late Medieval Cities (1200---1500) |
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324 | (8) |
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324 | (4) |
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Windows On: Walls, Halls, and Towers |
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328 | (2) |
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330 | (1) |
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Witnesses: The Splendors of Florence and Venice |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (7) |
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Foreigners, Friends, and Outcasts |
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332 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Jews and Medieval Cities |
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333 | (2) |
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335 | (2) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (2) |
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339 | (6) |
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Marrying for Love and Money |
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339 | (1) |
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Witnesses: The Assault of the Plague |
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340 | (2) |
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342 | (1) |
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Childbirth and Childrearing |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (5) |
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345 | (3) |
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348 | (1) |
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Christine De Pisan and the City of Ladies |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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Conclusion: City Life and the Meaning of the West |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (3) |
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The Civilization of the Italian Renaissance (1300---1550) |
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The Rebirth of Classical Antiquity |
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354 | (7) |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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Philosophical Dimensions of Humanism |
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357 | (1) |
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Witnesses: Defining the Self |
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358 | (1) |
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Windows On: The Dignity of Man |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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Italian Renaissance Settings |
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|
361 | (11) |
|
Florence: Capital of the Renaissance |
|
|
361 | (4) |
|
Venice: ``La Serenissima'' |
|
|
365 | (3) |
|
Milan: Culture From Above |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Naples: Legitimacy for Kings |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Ferrara, Mantua, and Urbino: The Condottiere Courts |
|
|
368 | (2) |
|
Rome: Reclaiming the Ancient City |
|
|
370 | (2) |
|
Italian Renaissance Profiles |
|
|
372 | (8) |
|
|
|
372 | (2) |
|
Valla and the Transformation of Values |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Women and Humanism |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Nogarola and the Defense of Eve |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Pico Della Mirandola's One Truth |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Rethinking Right and Wrong |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: The Italian Renaissance and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
Protestant Reformation and Catholic Reform (1500---1650) |
|
|
|
|
|
384 | (5) |
|
|
|
384 | (2) |
|
|
|
386 | (3) |
|
|
|
389 | (3) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Windows On: Protestant Propaganda |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
The Unfolding Reformation |
|
|
392 | (7) |
|
Wittenberg, Zurich, and Geneva |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Luther and Calvin Challenge the Church |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
The Progress of Protestantism |
|
|
394 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: The Progress of Protestantism |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Protestantism and Society |
|
|
399 | (3) |
|
The Family, Sexuality, and Women |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (7) |
|
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
|
|
404 | (2) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Catholic Reform and Revival |
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: The Persecutions |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (5) |
|
|
|
410 | (2) |
|
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Windows On: Women in the Era of Reform |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: The Protestant Challenge and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
War and Politics in Early Modern Europe (1500---1750) |
|
|
|
|
|
418 | (4) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
|
419 | (3) |
|
|
|
422 | (4) |
|
Wars Over Faith and Turf, 1500---1648 |
|
|
422 | (3) |
|
States in Competition, 1648---1763 |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (12) |
|
Spain: Religious Zeal and Royal Absolutism |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: The Experience of Fiction and Fact |
|
|
427 | (2) |
|
France: The Apogee of Absolutism |
|
|
429 | (2) |
|
England: The Sharing of Power |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
Windows On: Warriors and Peacemakers |
|
|
432 | (2) |
|
Three New Empires: The Reshaping of Eastern Europe |
|
|
434 | (4) |
|
|
|
438 | (6) |
|
|
|
438 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: A King's Right to Rule |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: A Queen's Right to Rule |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Roman Law and Natural Right |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: The Origins of Government in the Consent of the Citizens |
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
Conclusion: Power, Resistance, and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
Global Voyages and Cultural Encounters (1500---1750) |
|
|
|
|
|
448 | (7) |
|
|
|
448 | (4) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
Windows On: Mapping the World |
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
|
|
455 | (16) |
|
|
|
455 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: Exploration and Conquest |
|
|
458 | (3) |
|
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: New World Peoples and Customs |
|
|
464 | (3) |
|
|
|
467 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: Voices of Protest |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
|
471 | (8) |
|
|
|
471 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: The Profits of Trade |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
|
|
474 | (5) |
|
Conclusion: The Expansion of Europe and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
|
480 | (4) |
| PART FIVE The West Expands |
|
|
Science, Enlightenment, and Revolution (1500---1900) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Science, Schooling, and Thought in Early Modern Europe (1500---1780) |
|
|
|
New Heaven, New Earth: The Scientific Revolution |
|
|
484 | (12) |
|
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: Pioneers of a New Cosmology |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: Science and Religion in Conflict |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
``Man the Machine'': Exploration of the Human Body |
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
Hard Facts and Pure Reason: New Modes of Thinking |
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: Pioneers of New Scientific Methodologies |
|
|
493 | (2) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
The Lights Go on: The Enlightenment |
|
|
496 | (6) |
|
|
|
497 | (2) |
|
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Visions of a Just Society |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
Other Places, Other Customs |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
A Little Learning: Literacy and Education |
|
|
502 | (8) |
|
|
|
502 | (2) |
|
A Cat and a Catte: Women and Learning |
|
|
504 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: Women, Men, and Learning |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Windows On: Women and Science |
|
|
507 | (2) |
|
Halls of Reason: The Social Context |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: Descartes' Dilemma and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
|
511 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
Privilege and Poverty in Early Modern Europe (1500---1780) |
|
|
|
Honorable Pursuits: The European Nobility of the Early Modern Age |
|
|
514 | (10) |
|
|
|
514 | (4) |
|
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Courtier Graces, Bourgeois Self Control |
|
|
521 | (3) |
|
New Ways with New Wealth: The Early Modern Bourgeoisie |
|
|
524 | (11) |
|
The Ranks of the Bourgeoisie |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
|
525 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: Women Protest Against Husbands and Predators |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
|
527 | (2) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Being Poor: In Town and Country |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
Windows On: Women's Lives |
|
|
531 | (4) |
|
Field and Village: The Boundaries of Peasant Life |
|
|
535 | (5) |
|
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
536 | (3) |
|
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: The Privileged, the Poor, and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
|
541 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
Revolution and its Promises in Anglo and Latin America (1500---1880) |
|
|
|
Old and New in the New World |
|
|
544 | (11) |
|
Brazil and the Caribbean: Plantation Nations |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
Spanish America: Mine, Hacienda, and Village |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Native Laborers in Spanish America |
|
|
547 | (2) |
|
The North Atlantic Coast: The Beckoning Wilderness |
|
|
549 | (2) |
|
Windows On: African Laborers in a Harsh New World |
|
|
551 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: Native Removal in Anglo-America |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Declarations of Independence |
|
|
555 | (6) |
|
Atlantic North America: War of Independence |
|
|
556 | (2) |
|
Revolution in Haiti and Mexico |
|
|
558 | (2) |
|
Transition in Brazil and Paraguay |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
Spanish South America: Victory at Ayacucho |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: A Different Path for Spanish America |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (13) |
|
The Reign of the Caudillo |
|
|
561 | (4) |
|
|
|
565 | (5) |
|
Witnesses: Foundations of Freedom in Anglo-America |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: African Bondage in Anglo-America |
|
|
571 | (3) |
|
Conclusion: Jefferson's Promise, Lincoln's Pledge and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
|
|
575 | (3) |
|
Revolt and Reorganization in Europe |
|
|
|
From Absolute Monarchy to the Paris Commune (1750---1871) |
|
|
|
|
|
578 | (3) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
Peasant Revolts and Free Trade |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
|
581 | (5) |
|
The Work of the National Assembly |
|
|
581 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: The Collapse of the Old Regime |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
The Legislative Assembly and National Convention |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
|
|
586 | (10) |
|
Peasants and Sans-Culottes |
|
|
586 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: The ``True'' Rights of Man---Burke Vs. Paine |
|
|
588 | (3) |
|
The Culture of Revolution |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Windows On: The Radical Revolution |
|
|
592 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: Revolution Turns Radical |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Reaction Sets in: The Directory |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
|
596 | (11) |
|
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
|
597 | (3) |
|
Windows On: Revolution in Fashion |
|
|
600 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: Napoleon, According to Himself and to an Enemy |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Napoleon and the Grande Armee |
|
|
603 | (3) |
|
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: Revolution, Empire, and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
|
608 | (4) |
| PART SIX The West Becomes Modern |
|
|
Industrialization, Imperialism, Ideologies (1750---1914) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Industrialization of the West (1750---1914) |
|
|
|
|
|
612 | (3) |
|
Medieval Foundations: The Urban Grid |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Buying and Selling Before the Industrial Age |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
|
|
615 | (11) |
|
|
|
615 | (3) |
|
Windows On: In the Factory |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
Windows On: Power From Steam |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: The Coming of the Machine Age |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
|
622 | (4) |
|
|
|
626 | (10) |
|
|
|
626 | (5) |
|
The Rest of the West and the Asian Vanguard |
|
|
631 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: Catching Up in Argentina, Germany, and Russia |
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
Postponed Industrialization |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: Despoiled Gardens and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
|
637 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
Western Society in an Industrial Age (1750---1914) |
|
|
|
|
|
640 | (9) |
|
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: The Factory Observed |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Workers' Lives |
|
|
644 | (4) |
|
Windows On: Women and Work |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
|
|
649 | (8) |
|
|
|
650 | (2) |
|
Structure and Infrastructure |
|
|
652 | (2) |
|
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Friedrich Engels' Portrait of the Industrial City |
|
|
655 | (2) |
|
|
|
657 | (5) |
|
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: The Two Halves at Home |
|
|
657 | (2) |
|
|
|
659 | (3) |
|
Conclusion: The One Half, the Other Half, and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
Mass Politics and the Triumph of the State (1815---1914) |
|
|
|
Power to the People: 1815---1848 |
|
|
666 | (7) |
|
After Napoleon: The conservative Response |
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
Liberalism and Nationalism in Central Europe |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
Revolution in Russia, the Iberian Peninsula, and Greece |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
Pressure for Change in Great Britain |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
France: Laboratory of Revolution |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: To the Barricades: Paris, France, 1848, 1871 |
|
|
671 | (2) |
|
One People, One Nation: 1848---1871 |
|
|
673 | (3) |
|
The Creation of Austria-Hungary |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
The Unification of Germany |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
The State Trumphant: 1848---1914 |
|
|
676 | (10) |
|
Britain: The Challenge of Mass Politics |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
Russia: An Autocracy Attempts Reform |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
France: From Second Empire to Third Republic |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
Central Europe: The German and Austro-Hungarian Empires |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: The Meaning of Country: German and Italian Nationalism |
|
|
679 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: Statesmen Look Ahead: Austria, Germany, Britain |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
Mediterranean Europe: Italy, Spain, and Portugal |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
Windows On: Power to the People |
|
|
684 | (2) |
|
Conclusion: The Triumphal State and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
|
|
687 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
European Migration, Settlement, and Domination around the Globe (1750--1914) |
|
|
|
Lands of European Settlement: Colonial Ventures |
|
|
690 | (4) |
|
The Anglo-American Pattern |
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
The Spanish-American Pattern |
|
|
691 | (2) |
|
Autralasia: Another Anglophone Success |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
Old World Encounters: Imperialism in Asia |
|
|
694 | (8) |
|
India: A Sub-Continent Subdued |
|
|
694 | (2) |
|
The Philippines and East Indies |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Britain's Empire in India |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
China, Korea, and Indochina: Forced Entry |
|
|
698 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: The European Arrival in East Asia |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Japan: Point, Counterpoint |
|
|
700 | (2) |
|
Old World Encounters: Imperialism in the Middle East and Africa |
|
|
702 | (5) |
|
The Middle East: The Last Islamic Empire |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Europe in Africa and the Middle East |
|
|
703 | (2) |
|
Sub-Saharan Africa: Divided and Despoiled |
|
|
705 | (2) |
|
|
|
707 | (6) |
|
The Irish: Despised and Persecuted |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
The Jews: The Intimate Enemy |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Dominion Within: The Jews and the Irish |
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
The Psychology of Domination |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
Windows On: Colonized Europeans: The Jews and the Irish |
|
|
711 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: Europe's ``Burden'' or ``Benefit''? |
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
|
|
713 | (4) |
|
The Global System: Money and Goods |
|
|
713 | (2) |
|
The Global System: Peoples and Culture |
|
|
715 | (2) |
|
Conclusion: The Western Imperium and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
|
|
717 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
European Culture From Classicism to Modernism (1780---1914) |
|
|
|
From Romanticism to Realism |
|
|
720 | (3) |
|
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
Realism and Disenchantment |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
Windows On: The Cycle of Styles: Classicism, Romanticism, and Realism |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Pioneers of Literary Style: Romanticism and Realism |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
The Sciences and the Schools |
|
|
723 | (6) |
|
The Past as it Really Was |
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
The World as It Came to Be |
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Pioneers of the Intellectual Disciplines: History, Social Science, and Science |
|
|
725 | (2) |
|
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
|
|
729 | (8) |
|
Liberalism: Freedom and Rights |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
Conservatism: Valuing Tradition |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
Nationalism: A Sacred Purpose |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
Socialism: Sharing the Wealth |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Idealists and Ideologues (I) |
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
Marxism, Communism, Anarchism |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Idealists and Ideologues (II) |
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
Feminism: Rights for Women |
|
|
735 | (2) |
|
Fin De Siecle and the Advent of the Modern |
|
|
737 | (4) |
|
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: The Fin De Siecle and the Advent of the Modern |
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
Windows On: Fin De Siecle and the Advent of the Modern |
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: The Advent of the Modern and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
|
742 | (4) |
| PART SEVEN Toward a New West |
|
|
Post-War, Post-Modern, Post-Industrial (1914---2000) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Trauma of World War I (1914---1920) |
|
|
|
|
|
746 | (2) |
|
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: The Onset of War |
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
|
748 | (15) |
|
|
|
748 | (3) |
|
Windows On: Drama in Russia |
|
|
751 | (2) |
|
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
|
|
755 | (2) |
|
|
|
757 | (2) |
|
|
|
759 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: Revolution in Russia |
|
|
762 | (1) |
|
|
|
763 | (5) |
|
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: In Search of Peace |
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
|
|
765 | (2) |
|
|
|
767 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: Global War and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
768 | (1) |
|
|
|
769 | (1) |
|
|
|
769 | (3) |
|
The Triumph of Uncertainty |
|
|
|
Cultural Innovation, Social Disruption, and Economic Collapse (1915---1945) |
|
|
|
Uncertainty in the Arts and in Thought |
|
|
772 | (8) |
|
Montage: The Disrupted Narrative |
|
|
772 | (5) |
|
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: The World Becomes Uncertain |
|
|
778 | (2) |
|
Uncertain Boundaries: The New Women, the Shrinking Family, the Nurturant State |
|
|
780 | (6) |
|
|
|
780 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: Rethinking Women's Roles and Possibilities |
|
|
782 | (2) |
|
The Shrinking Family and the Nurturant State |
|
|
784 | (2) |
|
Economic Uncertainity: From Prosperity to the Breadline |
|
|
786 | (8) |
|
|
|
786 | (3) |
|
Windows On: Highs and Lows |
|
|
789 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Living Through the Great Depression |
|
|
790 | (1) |
|
|
|
791 | (3) |
|
Conclusion: Uncertain Lives and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
794 | (1) |
|
|
|
795 | (1) |
|
|
|
795 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
Communism, Fascism, Democracy, and the Crisis of World War II (1917---1945) |
|
|
|
Bolsheviks and Communists |
|
|
799 | (8) |
|
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
War Communism and the New Economic Policy |
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Bolsheviks and Communists |
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
Stalin: Gravedigger of the Revolution? |
|
|
801 | (2) |
|
|
|
803 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Communist Totalitarianism Repression and Terror |
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
Socialist Realism, Soviet Realities |
|
|
804 | (3) |
|
|
|
807 | (7) |
|
|
|
807 | (1) |
|
Mussolini and His Imitators |
|
|
808 | (1) |
|
Imperial Japan, Imperialist Ventures |
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Fascism and Nazism: the Flight From Reason |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
Nazism: The German Form of Fascism |
|
|
811 | (3) |
|
The Second World War: Fascism, Defeated |
|
|
814 | (10) |
|
|
|
814 | (3) |
|
The Democracies: Frailty and Confusion |
|
|
817 | (1) |
|
The Spanish Civil War: Rehearsal for World War |
|
|
817 | (1) |
|
|
|
818 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: Fighting the Second World War |
|
|
819 | (1) |
|
From Appeasement to Victory |
|
|
820 | (4) |
|
|
|
824 | (4) |
|
Windows On: The Holocaust |
|
|
825 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: Final Solutions |
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: The Defeat of Fascism and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
|
|
829 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
Decolonization and Statebuilding Around the Globe (1914---1990s) |
|
|
|
Fading Empires: Anti-Colonialism and Decolonization |
|
|
832 | (5) |
|
The Sun Sets on the British Empire |
|
|
832 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: Asia: Independence for India and Vietnam |
|
|
834 | (2) |
|
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
New World Orders: Statebuilding in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia |
|
|
837 | (14) |
|
|
|
837 | (4) |
|
Witnesses: Africa: Post-Colonial Quandries |
|
|
841 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: African Debates: Algeria and South Africa |
|
|
842 | (1) |
|
Statebuilding in the Middle East |
|
|
842 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: New Orders in the Middle East |
|
|
845 | (2) |
|
|
|
847 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: Asia: Permanent Revolution in China |
|
|
849 | (2) |
|
The Last Imperialist: The United States Abroad and At Home |
|
|
851 | (13) |
|
|
|
851 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: The Americas: A United States Protectorship in Cuba and the Mexican Nationalization of the Oil Industry |
|
|
852 | (3) |
|
|
|
855 | (5) |
|
The Color Line: Conflict at Home |
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: The Americas: Racial Equality and Racial Separatism in the United States |
|
|
861 | (1) |
|
Windows On: Civil Rights for African Americans |
|
|
862 | (2) |
|
Conclusion: The Shadows of Imperialism and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
864 | (1) |
|
|
|
865 | (1) |
|
|
|
865 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
From the Bomb to the Internet (1945---1990) |
|
|
|
|
|
868 | (11) |
|
|
|
868 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: The Prospects of Nuclear War |
|
|
871 | (1) |
|
|
|
871 | (2) |
|
The Cold War on the Global Stage |
|
|
873 | (1) |
|
Witnesses: The Origins of the Cold War |
|
|
874 | (2) |
|
Armageddon Deferred: 1985---1991 |
|
|
876 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: As the Cold War Ages: Two United States Presidents Discuss the Soviet Threat |
|
|
879 | (1) |
|
|
|
879 | (17) |
|
Witnesses: The Breakdown of Communism and the End of the Cold War |
|
|
880 | (1) |
|
|
|
881 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: Culture and Politics in the 1960s |
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
|
|
883 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: Women and the Post-War World |
|
|
886 | (2) |
|
|
|
888 | (2) |
|
Windows On: Women, Poverty, and War |
|
|
890 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: Love Your Mother: The Environmentalist Movement |
|
|
893 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: The Age of Human Rights |
|
|
895 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: Retreat From Armageddon and The Meaning of the West |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
|
|
897 | (1) |
|
|
|
897 | (1) |
| Epilogue: The Future of the West |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
898 | (13) |
|
Witnesses: Through a Glass Darkly |
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
|
|
901 | (2) |
|
|
|
903 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: Why Some are So Rich and Some are So Poor |
|
|
905 | (3) |
|
Witnesses: Let's Roll: The War on Terror |
|
|
908 | (2) |
|
Witnesses: The Future of the West |
|
|
910 | (1) |
|
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: The Past, the Future, and the Meaning of the West |
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
|
|
912 | |
| Glossary |
|
1 | (13) |
| Index |
|
14 | |
Other versions by this Author